The return of the Scarlet Pimpernel: cobalamin in inflammation II — cobalamins can both selectively promote all three nitric oxide synthases (NOS), particularly iNOS and eNOS, and, as needed, selectively inhibit iNOS and nNOS

Figures & data

Figure 1 Structure of vitamin B₁₂ and its derivatives.

Figure 2 ‘What goes around comes around’: some central cobalamin relationships.

Figure 3 Human neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) domain structure. The PDZ domain is named after homologous domains in three proteins: PSD‐95, DH/g, ZO‐1.

Figure 4 Structure of 6R‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐L‐biopterin (BH₄), the naturally occurring pterin cofactor of nitric oxide synthases and amino acid hydroxylases. The standard nomenclature for numbering the positions of the pteridine ring and the biopterin side chain is indicated.