Daily Hugging Predicts Lower Levels of Two Proinflammatory Cytokines

Abstract

The current study asked a sample (N = 20) of healthy young adults to report their daily hugging behaviors over a 14-day period and to collect their saliva at the beginning and end of the study. Based on affection exchange theory, we hypothesized that the frequency of hugging would be inversely related to proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukins (IL) 1-β, 6, and 8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Controlling for baseline levels, hugging was significantly and inversely related to IL1-β and TNF-α after the 14-day period. Associations with IL-6 and IL-8, although nonsignificant, were also in the hypothesized direction.

Keywords:

• Affection
• Cytokines
• Health
• Hugging
• Inflammation

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge Taylor Butler and Isabella Vazquez, students at Sam Houston State University, for their help with data collection.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This study was funded by an Enhanced Research Grant provided by the [Office of Research and Sponsored Programs at Sam Houston State University].