From Punishment to Pre-emption: The Changing Nature of Regional Organizations’ Legal Responses to Terrorism, 1990–2010

Figures & data

Table 1. Regional antiterrorism conventions until 2010.

Title	Region	Adopted	Signatories	Ratifications	In force	Organization
Convention to prevent and punish the acts of terrorism taking the form of crimes against persons and related extortion that are of international significance^a	Americas	1971	19	18	for each state when ratified	OAS
Inter-American Convention against Terrorism (IACT)^b	Americas	2002	33	24	2003	OAS
Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism^c	Europe	1977	45	45	1978	COE
Agreement among the Governments of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization Participating States on Cooperation in Combating Crime, in Particular in Its Organized Forms^d	Europe	1998	11	No official data available	1999	BSEC
Protocol amending the European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism^e	Europe	2003	46	34	for each state when ratified	COE
Additional Protocol on Combating Terrorism to the Agreement among the Governments of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization Participating States on Cooperation in Combating Crime, in Particular in Its Organized Forms	Europe	2004	11	No official data available	2005	BSEC
Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism^f	Europe	2005	47 (open to nonmember states)	42	2007	COE
Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime and on the Financing of Terrorism (Warsaw Convention)^g	Europe	2005	43 (open to nonmember states)	38	2008	COE
Convention for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa^h	Africa	1977	13	32	1985	OAU
Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism (Algiers Convention)^i	Africa	1999	50	43	2002	OAU
Protocol to the Algiers Convention^j	Africa	2004	45	21	for each state when ratified	AU
Arab Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism (Arab Convention)^k	Arab and Islamic World	1998	22	17	1999	Arab League
Convention on Combating International Terrorism	Arab and Islamic World	1999	No official data available	No official data available	2002	OIC
Gulf Council Counterterrorism Agreement^l	Arab and Islamic World	2004	6	No official data available	No official data available	GCC
SAARC Convention on Suppression of Terrorism^m	Asia	1987	No official data available	8	1988	SAARC
Treaty on Cooperation among the States Members of the Commonwealth of Independent States in Combating Terrorism	Asia and Europe	1999	No official data available	No official data available	For each party upon signature or deposit of instrument of ratification	CIS
Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism (CCTSE)^n	Asia	2001	6 (open to nonmember states)	No official data available	2003	SCO
Additional Protocol to the SAARC Convention^o	Asia	2004	No official data available	8/8	2006	SAARC
Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (MLACM)^p	Asia	2004	10	10	for each state when ratified	ASEAN
ASEAN Convention on Counter Terrorism (ACCT)^q	Asia	2007	10	10	2011	ASEAN
Convention of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization against Terrorism^r	Asia	2009	No official data available	5	2012	SCO

a OAS, https://www.oas.org/juridico/english/sigs/a-49.html (accessed July 01, 2022).

b OAS, https://www.oas.org/juridico/english/sigs/a-66.html (accessed July 01, 2022).

c COE, https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=signatures-by-treaty&treatynum=090 (accessed July 01, 2022).

d BSEC, http://www.bsec-organization.org/UploadedDocuments/StatutoryDocumentsAgreements/CombatingCrimeAGREEMENT071120.pdf (accessed June 22, 2022)

e COE, https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=signatures-by-treaty&treatynum=190 (accessed July 01, 2022).

f COE, https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=signatures-by-treaty&treatynum=196 (accessed July 01, 2022).

g COE, https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=signatures-by-treaty&treatynum=198 (accessed July 01, 2022).

h International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/States.xsp?xp_viewStates=XPages_NORMStatesParties&xp_treatySelected=485 (accessed June 30, 2022).

i AU, https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/37289-sl-oau_convention_on_the_prevention_and_combating_of_terrorism_1.pdf (accessed June 27, 2022).

j AU, https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/37291-sl-protocol_to_the_oau_convention_on_the_prevention_and_combating_of_terror.pdf (accessed June 27, 2022).

k UN, https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-186442/ (accessed July 01, 2022).

l “GCC Countries Sign Landmark Counterterrorism Agreement,” Arab News, 5 May 2004, https://www.arabnews.com/node/248835.

m SAARC, https://www.saarc-sec.org/images/areas-of-cooperation/ESC/Security%20Files/SAARC%20Regional%20Convention%20on%20Suppression%20of%20Terrorism%20and%20its%20Additional%20Protocol.docx#:∼:text=The%20SAARC%20Regional%20Convention%20on,ratification%20by%20all%20Member%20States. (accessed June 25, 2022).

n OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, “Note on the Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Seperatism and Extremism” (Warsaw, 21 September 2020), n. 43, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/e/8/467697.pdf.

o SAARC, https://www.saarc-sec.org/images/areas-of-cooperation/ESC/Security%20Files/SAARC%20Regional%20Convention%20on%20Suppression%20of%20Terrorism%20and%20its%20Additional%20Protocol.docx#:∼:text=The%20SAARC%20Regional%20Convention%20on,ratification%20by%20all%20Member%20States. (accessed June 25, 2022).

p ASEAN, http://agreement.asean.org/agreement/detail/56.html (accessed June 22, 2022).

q Asean, http://agreement.asean.org/agreement/detail/49.html (accessed June 22, 2022).

r OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, “Note on the Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Seperatism and Extremism,” n. 45.