Foreshadowing Terror: Exploring the Time of Online Manifestos Prior to Lone Wolf Attacks

Figures & data

Table 1. Examined lone wolf cases.

	Lone Wolf	Location/Date	Dissemination Platform
1.	Anders Breivik	Norway (2011)	Manifesto was posted to politicians via email
2.	Patrick Crusius	United States (2019)	Manifesto was posted on the online site “8chan’s” bulletin board
3.	Brenton Tarrant	New Zealand (2019)	Manifesto was posted on the online site “8Chan,” with a link to the manifesto being posted on twitter and emailed to the prime minster New Zealand
4.	Stephen Balliet	Germany (2019)	Manifesto was posted on the site “Meguca” (which was shut down after the shooting)
5.	Dylan Roofe	United States (2015)	Manifesto was posted on his own registered website
6.	Joseph Stack III	United States (2010)	Manifesto was posted on his own registered website
7.	Payton Gendron	United States (2022)	Manifesto was shared via invite link to his discord server
8.	Elliot Rodger	United States (2014)	Manifesto was posted on YouTube
9.	Kimveer Gill	Canada (2006)	Posted on the website “Vampirefreaks.com”
10.	Jonathan Sapirman	United States (2022)	Manifesto was posted on the website “4Chan”
11.	John Earnest	United States (2019)	Manifesto was posted on the website “8chan”
12.	Philip Manshaus	Norway (2019)	Manifesto was posted on the website “Endchan”

Table 2. Table to show the descriptive statistics of the attack variables.

	N	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Std Deviation
Time of Post	12	10:00	23:43	14:16	4:00
Time of Attack	12	9:56	21:27	14:39	3:42

Table 3. Table to show the descriptive statistics of the compared variables.

	N	Minimum	Maximum	Median	IQR
Time between Post and Attack	12	0:04	10:14	1:43	2:43