White Warriors and Weak Women: Identifying Central Discourses of Masculinity in Neo-Nazi Telegram Channels

Figures & data

Table 1. Deductive gender themes.

Theme	Definition
Masculinity and femininity	Any discussion of men and masculinity or women and femininity. This includes any discourse that aims to define masculinity and femininity broadly and that which proposes or advocates for men and women to embody certain characteristics, behaviours or roles.
Male and female relationships	Any discussion of men or women within the context of a relationship dynamic. This includes relationships that men have with each other (such as fraternal and paternal relationships) and relationships that women have with each other (such as sororal and maternal relationships) as well as relationships between men and women (such as intimate partner relationships).
“Subordinated” men and women	This category is based on Connell’s conception of subordinated masculinity, and collapses subordinated and marginalised masculinities together. As such, this category captures any discussion of men who are situated as “subordinated” within the far-right idealised gender hierarchy, such as non-heterosexual and non-white men (often communicated through homophobic and racist slurs and tropes). It is also based on Connell’s conception of women and their subordinate position in the gender hierarchy, and as such categorises “undesirable” women (often those who are non-heterosexual, non-white, left-wing or perceived to not adhere to an idealised femininity).

Figure 1. A network map visualising the co-occurrence of keywords associated with the different gender themes. The size of nodes (keywords) is determined by their frequency within the text corpus, and edge width is determined by the frequency of co-occurrence of two keywords.

Figure 2. Heatmap visualising the co-occurrence of keywords related to men and masculinity. To see the level of co-occurrence between two keywords, first identify the two keywords of interest (one on the x axis, and one of the y axis) and follow the gridlines to see the point at which they intersect. Looking at the square where they intersect, use the colour gradient on the right-hand side of the figure to determine how commonly the keywords co-occurred relative to other keyword combinations – the darker the blue of the square, the more commonly those keywords co-occurred. Follow this procedure for all additional heatmaps presented throughout the findings and discussion section.

Figure 3. Heatmap visualising the co-occurrence of keywords related to subordinated men.

Figure 4. Heatmap visualising the co-occurrence of keywords related to women and femininity.

Figure 5. Heatmap visualising the co-occurrence of keywords related to subordinated women.