Structural study of (1-x)BNKLT-xBZT ceramics using XRD, Raman spectroscopy and XAS

Abstract

The aim of this work is to study the structural phase of (1-x)Bi_0.5(Na_0.74K_0.16Li_0.10)_0.5TiO₃–xBaZr_0.05Ti_0.95O₃ ((1-x)BNKLT-xBZT) ceramics with various x content between 0.025 and 0.150 mol% synthesized via the combustion method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), including X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), were used to investigate the structural phases of all samples. The XRD pattern and Raman spectra revealed coexisting phases of rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) in all compositions. As the BZT content increased, the phase formation in these samples exhibited higher tetragonality. The quantity of each phase in (1-x)BNKLT-xBZT ceramics can be determined by the XAS technique with Ti K-edge measurements. Increasing the BZT content from 0 to 0.15 mol% caused the R phase to suddenly deceased from 60.9% to 20% while the T phase rapidly increased from 39.1% to 80%. The phase of the structural was determined by several alternative strategies including XRD, Raman and XAS techniques.

Keywords:

• (1-x)BNKLT-xBZT
• phase formation
• X-ray diffraction (XRD)
• Raman spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS)

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University for their support with funding. We gratefully acknowledge the National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), Thailand and Synchrotron Light Research Institute (BL5.2) (Public Organization), Thailand for the facilities to perform Raman and XAS analyses, respectively. Thanks are also given to Dr. Kyle V. Lopin for his help in editing the manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Naresuan University.