Enhancement of Energy-Storage Properties and Temperature Stability in Complex Perovskite (1−x)NaNbO₃−xBi(Li_1/3Sn_2/3)O₃ Lead-Free Ceramics

Abstract

In general, NaNbO₃ (NN) ceramics are considered to be one of the most promising lead-free perovskites (AFE) materials with low cost, low density, and nontoxic advantages. However, the energy storage capability of this material is often greatly hindered by the hysteresis exhibited during the transition from the antiferroelectric to the ferroelectric phase. In this study, lead-free dielectric (1−x)NaNbO₃−xBi(Li_1/3Sn_2/3)O₃, x = 0.0 − 0.08, ceramics were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The XRD data show a structural change from orthorhombic to pseudo-cubic at x = 0.06 composition. With increasing Bi(Li_1/3Sn_2/3)O₃ content, changes in dielectric properties demonstrated that the AFE P phase was successively replaced by the relaxor AFE R phase, resulting in a thin P–E loop characteristic which leads to the improvement of the energy storage density and efficiency of the ceramic capacitors. The optimum recoverable energy storage density (W_rec = 0.56 J/cm³) and efficiency (η = 74%) were obtained at x = 0.06 under an electric field of 120 kV/cm. The optimum composition also exhibited temperature stability in the range of 25 °C–100 °C. In addition, an increase in Bi(Li_1/3Sn_2/3)O₃ content can lead to a decrease in leakage current density. This research shows that BLS modified NN ceramics are promising dielectric material candidates for energy storage applications.

Keywords:

• Lead-free ceramics
• NaNbO₃
• energy storage properties

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their sincere appreciation to Prof. Dr. Gobwute Rujijanakul for his invaluable support in utilizing the ferroelectric test system at Electroceramics research laboratory, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University. Additionally, the authors extend their gratitude to Michelle Jennings for grammar check and proofreading.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was financially supported from The National Science, Research, and Innovation Fund (NSRF) through Naresuan University (R2565B059).