The Unified State Examination in History as a Means of Retraditionalization

Abstract

A combination of state-sponsored distortions and the simplified answers required by standardized tests have re-imposed a deadening conformity on the study of history in Russian schools.

This article is the republished version of:

The Unified State Examination in History as a Means of Retraditionalization

Notes

^2.EGE 2013. Istoriia. Ia.V. Solov'ev and E.A. Gevurkova, Samoe polnoe izdanie tipovykh variantov zadanii (Moscow: Astrel', 2012), pp. 31, 145.

^3. Ibid., p. 37.

^4. Ibid., pp. 90, 140.

^5. Ibid., pp. 99, 51, 54, 74, 164.

^6. Ibid., p. 174.

^7. Ibid., p. 30.

^8. Ibid., p. 36.

^9. Ibid., 185.

^10. Ibid., p. 75.

^11. Ibid., pp. 96, 97, 73; Zadaniia A 15, A 10, A 4.

^12. Ibid., p. 92.

^13. A. Ianov, Evropeiskoe stoletie Rossii. 1480–1560. (Moscow: Novyi khronograf, 2008).

^14. Iu.S. Kukushkin, ed. Istoriia SSSR. Epokha sotsializma (Moscow, 1985) pp. 340, 346, 350–51, 365.

^15. A.N. Bokhanov, Istorii Rossii XIX v. 8 kl. A.N. Sakharov (ed). (Moscow: Russkoe slovo, 2005), p. 4.

^16. Ibid., p. 6.

^17. V.O. Kliuchevskii, Russkaia istoriia. Bk. 2 (Moscow: Mysl', 1995), p. 416.

^18. E.V. Anisimov, Podatnaia reforma Petra I. (Moscow, 1987); P.N. Miliukov, Gosudarstvennoe khoziaistvo Rossii v pervoi chetverti XVIII v. i reformy Petra Velikogo (St. Petersburg, 1892).

^19. V.O. Kliuchevskii, Russkaia istoriia. Bk. 3, p. 267.

^20. A.N. Bokhanov, Istorii Rossii XIX v. 8 kl., ed. A.N. Sakharov, pp. 79–85 (Moscow: Russkoe slovo, 2005).

^21. Iu.A. Levada, Ot mnenii k ponimaniiu (Moscow: MShPI, 2000, p. 65.

^22. Ibid., p. 247.

^23.“Gor'kaia pravda o poBEDE. Krovavyi 1945 g.,” p. 7 (Moscow: Iauza, 2013).

^24. V. Suvorov, Samoubiistvo (Moscow: AST, 2010) pp. 28, 32.

^25.Istoriia Otechestva. 11 klass., ed. N.V. Zagladin, p. 224 (Moscow: Russkoe slovo, 2005).

^26.Istoriia Rossii 1900–1945 gg., ed. A.A. Danilov and A.V. Filippov, pp. 337, 339 (Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 2009).

^27. L.V. Milov, Velikorusskii pakhar' i osobennosti rossiiskogo istoricheskogo protsessa, pp. 381, 556, 563, 379, 430–434, 561, 481, 572, 526 (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 1998).

^28. Ibid., pp. 563–67.

^29. E.G. Iasin, Modernizatsiia i obshchestvo, pp. 46–58 (Moscow: GU VShE, 2007).

^30. L.D. Gudkov, Abortivnaia modernizatsiia, pp. 533, 535 (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2011).

^31. Here and henceforth the data are from nationwide surveys by the Levada Center. Items in parentheses are the year of the survey and the number of respondents.