Normalization as a mediator of emotion during unemployment

Figures & data

Figure 1. Proposed model of normalization during unemployment.

Table 1. Descriptive statistics for assessed psychometric variables (N = 260).

Construct	Scale	Number of items	Mean	SD	Cronbach’s α
Perceived control of unemployment – internal	PCUS	5	3.88	1.19	0.63
Perceived control of unemployment – powerful others	PCUS	5	3.91	1.11	0.67
Perceived control of unemployment – chance	PCUS	6	3.14	0.96	0.72
Negative perception of unemployment	UNQ	5	2.49	0.67	0.86
Positive perception of unemployment	UNQ	5	1.67	0.58	0.80
External justification of unemployment	UNQ	3	2.14	0.77	0.72
Unemployment norm	UNQ	3	2.17	0.80	0.84
Love	EVM	3	2.49	1.23	0.81
Joy	EVM	4	2.39	1.20	0.72
Fear	EVM	4	2.83	1.28	0.90
Anger	EVM	4	2.68	1.21	0.90
Shame	EVM	4	2.42	1.17	0.88
Sadness	EVM	4	2.46	1.20	0.90
Positive affect	EVM	7	2.47	1.16	0.90
Negative affect	EVM	16	2.55	1.15	0.96

Note: PCUS: Perceived Control of Unemployment Scale; UNQ: Unemployment Normalization Questionnaire; EVM: Emotional Valence Measure. Means and Standard-deviations averaged by number of items.

Table 2. Correlations between the normalization dimensions and psychological variables.

1. Loc-i
2. Loc-p	.200*
3. Loc-c	.187*	.310***
4. Neg	.073	.206**	.119
5. Pos	.074	.133*	.224**	−.134*
6. Just	−.057	.129*	.103	.151*	.127
7. Norm	.000	.081	.207**	.087	.308***	.314***
8. Lov	.029	.193**	.123	.033	.144*	−.009	.055
9. Joy	.059	.015	.053	−.098	.188**	−.103	.030	.731***
10. Fea	.098	−.030	.061	.355***	−.338***	.100	.023	.071	−.018
11. Ang	.056	−.016	.113	.359***	−.268**	.144*	.053	.089	−.019	.821***
12. Sha	.008	−.007	.020	.422***	−.187**	.139*	.120	.132	.058	.757***	.743***
13. Sad	−.006	.030	.089	.405***	−.203**	.211**	.061	.064	−.080	.764***	.777***	.750***
14.Aff+	.062	.086	.103	−.049	.160*	−.068	.042	.907**	.948**	.035	.041	.117	−.014
15. Aff-	.115	−.012	.087	.422***	−.303**	.155*	.047	.109	.010	.920***	.923***	.892***	.899***	.078
	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	7.	8.	9.	10.	11.	12.	13.	14.

Note: Loc-i: Perceived control of unemployment – internal; Loc-p: Perceived control of unemployment – powerful others; Loc-c: Perceived control of unemployment – chance; Neg: Negative perception of unemployment; Pos: Positive perception of unemployment; Just: External justification; Norm: Unemployment norm; Lov: Love; Joy: Joy; Fea: fear; Ang: Anger; Sha: Shame; Sad: Sadness; Aff+: Positive affect; Aff-: Negative Affect.

*p<.05.

**p<.01.

***p < .001.

Figure 2. Process of coping with unemployment using Perceived Control, Normalization and Affects.

Note: Cha: Chance (unemployment locus of control scale); Just: Unemployment Justification; Norm: Unemployment Norm; Neg: Negative Perception of Unemployment; Pos: Positive Perception of Unemployment; Aff-: Negative Affect; Pos: Positive Affect.

Figure 3. Process of coping with unemployment using Perceived Control, Normalization and Emotions.

Note: Cha: Chance (unemployment locus of control scale); Just: Unemployment Justification; Norm: Unemployment Norm; Neg: Negative Perception of Unemployment; Pos: Positive Perception of Unemployment, Fea: Fear; Ang: Anger; Sad: Sadness; Joy: Joy.

Data availability statement

The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author.