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Original Research

Hierarchical consistency of strategies in image repair theory: PR practitioners’ perceptions of effective and preferred crisis communication strategies

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Pages 251-272 | Received 28 Mar 2017, Accepted 03 Nov 2018, Published online: 28 Nov 2018
 

ABSTRACT

Drawing from image repair theory and situational crisis communication theory, this study advances crisis communication theory by analyzing nearly 800 public relations professionals’ perceptions of 15 image repair strategies. A national sample of US public relations professionals evaluated communication strategies for their effectiveness and preference for use in three crisis scenarios (accidents, product safety, and illegal activity). Compensation, corrective action, and mortification were the most highly ranked crisis response strategies, regardless of attribution of organizational responsibility or culpability, across 3 different types of accidental and preventable crises. This hierarchical consistency suggests that using communication strategies for maintaining and strengthening an organization’s relationships with its publics may be the best protection for sustaining and repairing positive reputation long-term.

借鉴图像修复理论和情景危机传播理论,本研究通过分析近800名公关专业人员对15种图像修复策略的看法,提出了危机传播理论。美国公共关系专业人员的全国样本评估了在三种危机情景(事故、产品安全和非法活动)中使用的沟通策略的有效性和偏好。对于3种不同类型的意外和可预防危机,补偿、纠正措施和后悔道歉是排名最高的危机应对策略,无论组织责任或罪责的归因如何。这种等级一致性表明,使用沟通策略来维持和加强组织与公众的关系可能是长期维持和修复积极声誉的最佳保护措施。

A partir de la teoría de la reparación de imágenes y la teoría de la comunicación de crisis situacional, este estudio avanza la teoría de la comunicación de crisis analizando las percepciones de casi 800 profesionales de relaciones públicas de 15 estrategias de reparación de imágenes. Una muestra nacional de profesionales de relaciones públicas de EE. UU. evaluó las estrategias de comunicación por su efectividad y preferencia de uso en tres escenarios de crisis (accidentes, seguridad del producto y actividad ilegal). La compensación, la acción correctiva y la mortificación fueron las estrategias de respuesta a crisis mejor calificadas, independientemente de la atribución de responsabilidad o culpabilidad organizacional, en 3 tipos diferentes de crisis accidentales y prevenibles. Esta coherencia jerárquica sugiere que el uso de estrategias de comunicación para mantener y fortalecer las relaciones de una organización con su público puede ser la mejor protección para mantener y restaurar una reputación positiva a largo plazo.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. See Heath and O’Hair (Citation2009) for discussion of crises as manifested risks, and the development of both crisis and risk communication research.

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