Maternal recall of a history of early-onset preeclampsia, late-onset preeclampsia, or gestational hypertension: a validation study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Translated questionnaire

Table 1. Characteristics of respondents compared to non-respondents

		Respondents n = 483		Non-respondents n = 692		p-value
Age, years	mean ± SD	41.4	± 5.2	40.4	± 5.7	0.005
Time post index pregnancy, years	median [IQR]	7.6	[6.4−9.3]	7.3	[6.2−9.5]	0.410
Primiparous	n (%)	316	(65.4)	425	(61.4)	0.177
Gestational age, weeks	median [IQR]	37.6	[32.1−39.7]	38.9	[35.4−40.3]	<0.001
Maternal IC admission	n (%)	2	(0.4)	5	(0.7)	0.707
Perinatal death	n (%)	17	(3.5)	25	(3.6)	1.000

IC ,intensive care.

Table 2. Baseline characteristics

		Case groups						Control groups
		Preeclampsia <37 weeks n = 107		Preeclampsia ≥37 weeks n = 66		Gestational hypertension n = 107		Uncomplicated pregnancy n = 104		Preterm birth n = 99
Response rate	%	58.8* **		53.7*		36.5		29.4		44.6
Age, years	mean ± SD	40.8	± 5.7	42.0	± 4.5	41.9	± 4.9	42.7	± 5.4	39.6	± 4.7
Time post index pregnancy, years	median [IQR]	7.9	[6.6−9.4]**	7.8	[6.7−9.5]	7.6	[6.4−9.2]	8.6	[6.0−9.6]	6.8	[6.3−9.3]
Current hypertension ^†	n (%)	22	(20.6)* **	6	(9.1)	17	(15.9)*	1	(1.0)	1	(1.0)
Use of antihypertensive medication ^†	n (%)	17	(15.9)* **	8	(12.1)*	18	(16.8)*	1	(1.0)	0	−
Family history of hypertension ^†	n (%)	60	(56.1)	37	(56.9)	60	(55.6)	49	(47.1)	44	(44.4)
Education ^†
Low	n (%)	12	(11.2)	6	(9.1)	6	(5.6)	6	(5.8)	8	(8.1)
Intermediate	n (%)	28	(26.2)	10	(15.2)	23	(21.5)	20	(19.2)	29	(29.3)
High	n (%)	67	(62.6)	50	(75.8)	77	(72.6)	78	(75.0)	61	(61.6)
Index pregnancy
Primiparous	n (%)	86	(80.4)*	44	(66.7)	63	(58.9)	59	(56.7)	64	(64.6)
Gestational age, weeks	median [IQR]	31.9	[29.1−35.0]*	38.4	[37.7−39.7]*	39.1	[37.9−40.0]*	40.3	[39.6−40.9]	31.0	[28.4−35.3]
Admission for HDP ^†	n (%)	90	(84.1)* **	45	(68.2)*	54	(50.5)*	1	(1.0)	1	(1.0)
Maternal IC admission	n (%)	1	(0.9)	0	−	0	−	1	(1.0)	0	−
Perinatal death	n (%)	11	(10.3)*	0	−	0	−	0	−	6	(6.1)
HDP in previous pregnancy ^†	n (%)	16	(15.0)* **	18	(27.3)*	26	(24.3)*	0	−	0	−

HDP, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; IC, intensive care.

*After Bonferroni correction significantly different compared to women with a history of uncomplicated pregnancy

**After Bonferroni correction significantly different compared to women with a history of preterm birth.

^†Self-reported.

Table 3. Recall of different severities of HDP of all participants subdivided by diagnosis by the medical record

	Medical record
Recall by questionnaire	Preeclampsia <37 weeks n = 107	Preeclampsia ≥37 weeks n = 66	Gestational hypertension n = 107	Uncomplicated pregnancy n = 104	Preterm birth n = 99
Preeclampsia <37 weeks	105	12	9	0	1
Preeclampsia ≥37 weeks	1	45	36	0	0
Gestational hypertension	1	6	31	0	1

Table 4. Performance of maternal recall questionnaire for different severities of HDP

		Sensitivity	95% CI	Specificity	95% CI
Preeclampsia <37 weeks	%	98.1	(93.4−99.8)	94.2	(91.3−96.3)
Preeclampsia ≥37 weeks	%	68.2	(55.6−79.1)	91.1	(88.0−93.7)
Gestational hypertension	%	29.0	(20.6−38.5)	97.9	(95.9−99.1)

CI, confidence interval.

Table 5. The influence of factors for the correct recall of different severities of HDP

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Crude OR (95%CI)		Adjusted OR (95%CI)
At the time of the questionnaire
Age	1.00	(0.95−1.05)
Time post index pregnancy	1.02	(0.86−1.22)
Education	0.61	(0.40−0.94)	0.64	(0.40−1.03)
Hypertension ^†	1.10	(0.56−2.16)
Using antihypertensive medication ^†	1.29	(0.64−2.61)
Family history of hypertension ^†	1.24	(0.76−2.03)
At the time of the index pregnancy
Primiparous	1.93	(1.15−3.23)	1.49	(0.82−2.69)
Gestational age	0.71	(0.64−0.79)	0.73	(0.66−0.82)
Admission for HDP ^†	2.62	(1.56−4.41)	1.78	(0.98−3.23)
HDP in previous pregnancy ^†	0.69	(0.37−1.28)

^†Self-reported data.