What is the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among hypertensive non-diabetic Egyptian patients attending primary healthcare?

Figures & data

Table 1. CKD stages according to e-GFR among the study participants.

CKD Stages	All participants (N = 200), 100%
	N	%
Stage 1(GFR≥90 mL/min/1.73 m^2)	59	29.5%
Stage 2(GFR = 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m^2)	74	37%
Stage 3a(GFR = 45–59 mL/min/1.73 m^2)	29	14.5%
Stage 3b(GFR = 30–44 mL/min/1.73 m^2)	24	12%
Stage 4(GFR = 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m^2)	13	6.5%
Stage 5(GFR<15 mL/min/1.73 m^2)	1	0.5%
Total	200	100%

Table 2. Sociodemographic data among CKD and non-CKD patients.

Sociodemographic data *		CKD GFR < 60; N = 67		No CKD GFR ≥ 60; N = 133		P-value**
		Mean		Mean
Age		58.45		50.54		0.002
		N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	40	59.7	79	59.6	0.823
	Male	26	40.3	55	41.4
Education	Illiterate	14	20.9	20	15	0.765
	Primary education	18	26.9	41	30.8
	Preparatory education	15	22.4	38	28.6
	Secondary education	14	20.9	26	19.5
	University	5	7.5	9	6.8
Occupation	Not working/housewife	14	20.9	82	61.7	0.006
	Retired	19	28.4	27	20.3
	Legislators, senior officials, and managers	1	1.5	2	1.5
	Professionals	1	1.5	4	3
	Technicians and associate professionals	4	6	6	4.5
	Clerks	1	1.5	2	1.5
	Service workers and shop and market sales workers	3	4.5	1	0.8
	Skilled agricultural and fishery workers	2	3	3	2.3
	Craft and related workers	3	4.5	3	2.3
	Plant and machine operators and assemblers	7	10.4	3	2.3
	Elementary occupations	9	13.4	6	4.5
	Armed forces	0	0	2	1.5
Smoking Status	Never smoke	43	64.2	96	72.2	0.6
	Ex-smoker	13	19.4	20	15
	Currently smoker	10	14.9	18	13.5
Physical Activity	Yes	1	3	4	2.2	0.005
	No	65	97	130	97.8

*Quantitative data are expressed as mean ± SD; the number in parentheses adjacent to the actual number indicates percentage of cases.

**Student’s t-test for continuous variables and Pearson’s Chi square test for categorical variables.

Table 3. Comparison between CKD and non-CKD patients as regards information about hypertension.

Hypertension		CKD GFR < 60; N = 67		No CKD GFR ≥ 60; N = 133		P value*
		N	%	N	%
Duration	<5 years	20	30.3	92	69.2	0.005
	5–10 years	16	24.2	31	23.3
	>10 years	30	45.5	12	7.5
Monitoring of blood pressure	Yes	23	34.3	47	35.3	0.975
	No	44	65.7	86	64.7
Drug adherence	Yes	54	80.6	114	85.7	0.009
	No	13	19.4	19	14.3

*Pearson’s Chi square test for categorical variables.

Table 4. The antihypertensive dugs used among CKD and non-CKD patients.

Medication used	CKD GFR < 60; N = 67		No CKD GFR ≥ 60; N = 133
	N	%	N	%	P value*
Beta blockers	28	41.79	47	35.34	0.000
Calcium channel blockers	12	17.91	2	1.5
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors+ thiazides	13	19.4	66	49.62
Angiotensin receptors blockers + thiazides	5	7.46	8	6.01
Beta blockers + loop diuretics (Lasix)	4	5.97	1	0.75
Beta blockers + K sparing diuretics (Aldactone)	3	4.48	4	3
Calcium channel blockers + Thiazides	2	2.99	5	3.76

*Pearson’s Chi square test for categorical variables.

Table 5. Past medical history and family history among between CKD and non-CKD patients.

Variable		CKD GFR < 60; N = 67		No CKD GFR ≥ 60; N = 133		P value*
		N	%	N	%
Past medical history of	Congestive heart failure	20	29.9	27	20.3	0.111
	Ischemic heart disease	11	16.4	16	12	0.003
	Renal surgical operations	3	4.5	7	5.3	0.257
	Dye exposure	10	14.9	5	3.8	0.006
Family history of	Hypertension	45	67.2	25	18.8	0.425
	Diabetes mellitus	59	88.1	36	27.1	0.349
	Chronic kidney disease	12	17.9	19	14.3	0.006

*Pearson’s Chi square test for categorical variables.

Table 6. Clinical examination and anthropometric measures among CKD and non-CKD patients.

Variable	All participants (N = 200), 100%		P value*
	CKD GFR < 60; N = 67	No CKD GFR ≥ 60; N = 133
Age	58.45	50.54	0.002
SBP	135.08	131.31	0.283
DBP	91.67	88.88	0.349
Weight	89.27	85.93	0.321
Height	1.69	1.67	0.541
BMI	31.11	27.68	0.005
Waist circumference	101.64	100.6	0.064
Hip circumference	105.08	103.47	0.224
Waist/hip ratio	0.96	0.67	0.006

*Student’s t-test for continuous variables.