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Abstract
The anaerobic digestion of rice straw has been studied for the past century, but the renewable energy potential is barely utilized. Greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields can be substantially reduced if straw is removed. Methane yields ranging from 92 to 280 l/kg of volatile solids have been achieved. Optimal digestion conditions such as pH (6.5–8.0), temperature (35–40°C), and nutrients (C:N ratio of 25–35) are defined. Pretreatment (i.e., fungi, acid, and alkali solutions) and microbial engineering can increase biogas production, but research is lacking on the overall logistics for a full-scale system.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Wendy Mussoline is a doctoral research fellow of the Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate program ETeCoSCitation 3 (Environmental Technologies for Contaminated Solids, Soils, and Sediments) under the EU grant agreement FPA n2010–0009. This research was supported by the company Acqua e Sole s.r.l. as an associate member of the ETeCoSCitation 3 consortium.