Lithium iron phosphate batteries recycling: An assessment of current status

Abstract

In this paper the most recent advances in lithium iron phosphate batteries recycling are presented. After discharging operations and safe dismantling and pretreatments, the recovery of materials from the active materials is mainly performed via hydrometallurgical processes. Moreover, a significant number of works are currently being focused on direct regeneration processes. Both approaches are currently applied only at laboratory scale. The main challenges to be faced when dealing with upscaling these technologies (for example mechanic vs manual dismantling, valuable elements recovery strategy vs all-components recovery strategy) are here presented and discussed.

Graphical abstract

Keywords:

• Lithium iron phosphate batteries
• recycling
• materials recovery