Carbon coated “zero-strain” Li₂TiSiO₅ nanowires for high-performance lithium storage

Figures & data

Figure 1. Physico-chemical characterizations of the C-Li₂TiSiO₅ nanowires. a) XRD spectrum with Rietveld-refinement. b) Crystal structure. c) FESEM image. d) EDX mapping images. e) HRTEM image (inset: SAED pattern).

Figure 2. Electrochemical performance of the C-Li₂TiSiO₅ nanowires. a) CV curves for first four cycles at 0.1 mV s⁻¹, b) first four-cycle GCD curves at 50 mA g⁻¹, c) GCD curves at various current densities, d) rate performance, and e) cyclability of the Li₂TiSiO₅/Li half cell.

Figure 3. XPS examinations and GITT experiment of the C-Li₂TiSiO₅ nanowires. Ex-situ Ti-2p XPS spectra of a) pristine, b) lithiated, and c) delithiated states. d) CV curves at various scan rates. e) Calculation of b values. f) D_Li variations during lithiation and delithiation.

Figure 4. In-situ XRD characterization of the C-Li₂TiSiO₅ nanowires. a) Contour in-situ XRD spectra and b) original in-situ XRD spectra. Enlarged contour in-situ XRD spectra within c) 20.0–20.4° and d) 34.4–34.7°. e) Variations in lattice constants of Li₂TiSiO₅.