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Materials Technology
Advanced Performance Materials
Volume 38, 2023 - Issue 1
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Research Article

On precipitation hardening behaviour in a triaxial forged Mg-2Zn-2Gd alloy and relationship to mechanical properties

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Article: 2215038 | Received 25 Apr 2023, Accepted 12 May 2023, Published online: 19 May 2023

Figures & data

Table 1. X-ray diffraction 2ϴ values for pure Mg compared to as-cast and as-cast + annealed + triaxial forged alloy indicating peaks corresponding to Mg matrix and W-phase precipitates.

Figure 1. X-ray diffraction plot for the as-cast Mg-2Zn-2Gd alloy showing diffraction peaks corresponding to the Mg matrix and W-precipitates.

Figure 1. X-ray diffraction plot for the as-cast Mg-2Zn-2Gd alloy showing diffraction peaks corresponding to the Mg matrix and W-precipitates.

Figure 2. X-ray diffraction plot for the as-cast + annealed + triaxial forged Mg-2Zn-2Gd alloy showing diffraction peaks corresponding to the Mg matrix and W-precipitates.

Figure 2. X-ray diffraction plot for the as-cast + annealed + triaxial forged Mg-2Zn-2Gd alloy showing diffraction peaks corresponding to the Mg matrix and W-precipitates.

Figure 3. Two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray scattering of forged vs unforged samples. (Top) Unforged samples exhibit specular reflections along with slight diffuse scattering from large oriented crystalline domains in the material. Position-dependent low-angle reflections due to material inhomogeneities also result in ‘streaking’ along certain azimuthal directions. (Bottom) The Debye–Scherrer rings in the forged samples appear more uniform, consistent with randomly oriented smaller domains compared to the unforged material.

Figure 3. Two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray scattering of forged vs unforged samples. (Top) Unforged samples exhibit specular reflections along with slight diffuse scattering from large oriented crystalline domains in the material. Position-dependent low-angle reflections due to material inhomogeneities also result in ‘streaking’ along certain azimuthal directions. (Bottom) The Debye–Scherrer rings in the forged samples appear more uniform, consistent with randomly oriented smaller domains compared to the unforged material.

Table 2. Average grain size and mechanical properties of as-cast, as-cast + annealed and as-cast + annealed + triaxial forged (2 passes) Mg-2Zn-2Gd alloy.

Figure 4. Small-angle X-ray scattering plots of as-cast and as-cast + annealed + triaxial forged Mg-2Zn-2Gd alloy.

Figure 4. Small-angle X-ray scattering plots of as-cast and as-cast + annealed + triaxial forged Mg-2Zn-2Gd alloy.

Figure 5. The as-cast sample has virtually no nanoparticle structure indicated by the absence of slope, while the as-cast + annealed + triaxial forged sample has more than 10× increase in the nanoprecipitate signal.

Figure 5. The as-cast sample has virtually no nanoparticle structure indicated by the absence of slope, while the as-cast + annealed + triaxial forged sample has more than 10× increase in the nanoprecipitate signal.

Figure 6. Small-angle X-ray scattering plots of as-cast + annealed + triaxial forged Mg-2Zn-2Gd alloy illustrating the probability of distribution of size of nanoscale precipitates.

Figure 6. Small-angle X-ray scattering plots of as-cast + annealed + triaxial forged Mg-2Zn-2Gd alloy illustrating the probability of distribution of size of nanoscale precipitates.

Figure 7. Transmission electron micrographs and selected area diffraction patterns of as-cast and as-cast + annealed + triaxial forged Mg-2Zn-2Gd alloy.

Figure 7. Transmission electron micrographs and selected area diffraction patterns of as-cast and as-cast + annealed + triaxial forged Mg-2Zn-2Gd alloy.