Investigation of electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone) fiber mats loaded with Calophyllum inophyllum essential oil for wound dressing applications: Morphology, drug release and in vitro evaluation

Figures & data

Figure 1. The surface morphology and fiber diameter distribution of poly(ε-caprolactone) (a,b), PCL/Calophyllum inophyllum oil (CIO)−2.5 (c,d), PCL/CIO−5 (e,f) and PCL/CIO−7.5 (g,h) fiber mats, respectively.

Table 1. Sample name, average fibre diameter (μm) and contact angle values of electrospun fibre mats.

Fiber mat ID	Average fiber diameter	Contact angle (°)
PCL/CIO	0.9 ± 0.3 μm	55 ± 7
PCL/CIO−2.5	1.2 ± 0.2 μm	35 ± 4
PCL/CIO−5	1.3 ± 0.2 μm	32 ± 5
PCL/CIO−7.5	1.5 ± 0.1 μm	30 ± 5

Figure 2. FT-IR spectrums of pure poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), Calophyllum inophyllum essential oil loaded PCL fiber mat (PCL/CIO) and Calophyllum inophyllum (CIO) essential oil.

Figure 3. Swelling degree (%) of pure poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fiber mat and Calophyllum inophyllum essential oil loaded PCL fiber mats (PCL/CIO), PCL/CIO−2.5, PCL/CIO−5 and PCL/CIO−7.5.

Figure 4. Cumulative release of Calophyllum inophyllum oil (CIO) from poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/CIO fiber mats.

Figure 5. Anti-bacterial activity of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/CIO fiber mats against Staphylococcus aureus (a) and Escherichia coli (b). *p<0.05, **p<0.01 compared to the control.

Figure 6. In vitro cytotoxicity of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun fiber mats loaded with different concentrations of Calophyllum inophyllum oil (CIO) (PCL/CIO−2.5, PCL/CIO−5, and PCL/CIO−7.5) on NHDF cells.

Figure 7. In vitro wound healing activity of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/CIO fiber mats on normal human dermal fibroblast cells.

Figure 8. Total antioxidant (a) and oxidant capacities of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/CIO fiber mats. *p<0.05 compared to the control.

Figure 9. Cytotoxic activity of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/CIO fiber mats on macrophages (a). Interleukin−1β levels of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/CIO fiber mat treated cells (b).