Green fabrication of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of tropical vine Momordica charantia: spectral characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation on human breast cancer cells

Figures & data

Table 1. Phytochemical screening of Momordica charantia L.

Phytochemical Component	Name of the test	Results
Carbohydrates	Benedicts test	+
Amino acids	Ninhydrin test	+
Saponin	Foam test	++
Alkaloids	Hager’s test	+
Tannins	Ferric chloride test	+
Flavonoids	Alkaline test	+

‘+’ Present in Trace Amount, ‘++’ Present in higher amounts, ‘-’ Not Present.

Figure 1. Reducing power assay of fruit extract of Momordica charantia L.

Figure 2. Hydroxyl radical scavenging of fruit extract of Momordica charantia L.

Figure 3. Synthesis of nanoparticles (a) Plant extract (b) Silver nitrate (c) Synthesized AgNPs solution.

Figure 4. UV-visible spectroscopy analysis of AgNPs synthesized extract of Momordica charantia.

Figure 5. The FTIR analysis of aqueous fruit extract of Momordica charantia L. Ag nanoparticles.

Figure 6. EDX pattern of Ag nanoparticles.

Figure 7. SEM image of AgNPs synthesized from M. charantia.

Figure 8. TEM image of AgNPs synthesized from M. charantia.

Figure 9. Inhibition of bacterial growth by well-diffusion method in (a) Staphylococcus aureus; (b) Streptococcus pyogenes; (c) E. coli; (d) Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Table 2. Antibacterial activity of AgNPs synthesised from Momordica charantia L. against pathogenic microorganisms.

Microorganisms	Zone of inhibition in various NP concentration (in mm)
	Standard	10µg/ml	20µg/ml	30µg/ml
Staphylococcus aureus	15 ± 0.26	-	-	10 ± 0.15
Streptococcus pyogenes	18 ± 0.19	-	-	16 ± 0.09
E. coli	10 ± 0.12	-	-	8 ± 0.17
Klebsiella pneumoniae	12 ± 0.22	-	`-	11 ± 0.36

Figure 10. Momordica charantia L. silver nanoparticles treated MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.

Figure 11. Effect of Momordica charantia L. silver nanoparticles against MCF-7 cancer cell line.

Figure 12. Ao/etbr staining of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia L. silver nanoparticles against MCF-7 cancer cell.

Figure 13. DAPI staining of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia L. silver nanoparticles against MCF-7 cancer cell.

Figure 14. Cytotoxic effect of AgNPs based on Momordica charantia L. against MCF-7 cell line.

Table 3. Effects of varying concentrations of AgNPs on the MCF-7 cell line using the MTT assay.

Concentration (µg/ml)	MCF-7 Cell Line
	% Cell viability	% Cell inhibition
10	78.68 ± 0.03	21.32 ± 0.03
25	66.27 ± 0.3	33.64 ± 0.3
50	45.71 ± 0.04	54.27 ± 0.04
Control	100	0

Data availability statement

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.