Directional preference of the wrist: a preliminary investigation

Abstract

Background: Directional preference is a phenomenon that occurs in musculoskeletal disorders. It is associated with improved symptomatic and functional outcomes. Research has shown a 90% increase in the identification of directional preference in the peripheral joints between 2006 and 2012. There is currently no research analyzing if predictive variables exist for establishing directional preference.

Case Description: This report presents 19 consecutive patients with wrist pain. These patients were evaluated using a mechanical diagnosis and therapy (MDT)-based assessment. Patients were classified into the mechanical syndromes Derangement, Dysfunction, Postural, and Other. Patients classified with wrist Derangement were assessed for the presence of directional preference. Secondary analysis of predetermined variables was performed for association with directional preference. One case description was included to demonstrate MDT assessment, treatment, and clinical reasoning.

Results: Of the 19 patients evaluated, 15 (79%) were classified as having wrist Derangement. All patients with wrist Derangement demonstrated directional preference. Eight movements were found to establish directional preference. Each was unique with varying degrees of direction, load, and force.

Discussion: This report found directional preference to be higher (79%) than previously reported values. Historical and physical examination findings were analyzed to determine if there were associated variables of directional preference. Excessive mechanical stress was found to be the most associated factor in predicting directional preference. These findings may lead to a greater understanding of peripheral MDT assessment, which may lead to increased identification of directional preference and improved patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 4.

Keywords:

• MDT
• McKenzie
• extremity
• wrist
• directional preference
• derangement
• classification