Risk factors for substance use among youth experiencing homelessness

Abstract

Background: Youth experiencing homelessness are at high risk for frequent substance use. This study examines individual, interpersonal, and contextual factors associated with substance use among such youth, age 13–24. Methods: Data were collected through computer-assisted structured interviews with participants (N = 474) recruited at service agencies in Los Angeles. Results: Youth had experienced over two years of homelessness on average. Almost a third used substances frequently; significant risk factors included delinquency, sensation seeking, and ongoing homelessness. Time spent in clubs and organizations was protective. Conclusions: Providing housing and services to curb delinquency may help protect youth from becoming frequent substance users.

Keywords:

• Homeless
• protective factors
• risk factors
• substance use

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the youth and the youth-serving agencies that made this study possible, as well as the many research staff members involved in data collection.