Figures & data
Fig. 1 John Snow’s Map 1 (1854). Source: http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/snowmap1_1854_lge.htm (a larger version).
![Fig. 1 John Snow’s Map 1 (1854). Source: http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/snowmap1_1854_lge.htm (a larger version).](/cms/asset/84650d3b-25ca-49fa-bc5c-c5037f03c47f/ujse_a_1721035_f0001_c.jpg)
Fig. 2 Choropleth map that shows the number of people infected with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Mbandaka, by state of residence, as of June 14, 2018. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/mbandaka-06-18/map.html.
![Fig. 2 Choropleth map that shows the number of people infected with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Mbandaka, by state of residence, as of June 14, 2018. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/mbandaka-06-18/map.html.](/cms/asset/56c3e1c8-b713-442f-8d37-dc45dbcd9bd2/ujse_a_1721035_f0002_c.jpg)
Fig. 3 Proportional symbol map showing the number of enplanements at the top 50 U.S. airports in 2015. Source: https://maps.bts.dot.gov/MapGallery/.
![Fig. 3 Proportional symbol map showing the number of enplanements at the top 50 U.S. airports in 2015. Source: https://maps.bts.dot.gov/MapGallery/.](/cms/asset/579790d5-2558-448a-b636-ae3ea484635f/ujse_a_1721035_f0003_c.jpg)
Fig. 4 Dot map showing the locations of U.S. highway crash fatalities in 2015. Source: https://maps.bts.dot.gov/MapGallery/.
![Fig. 4 Dot map showing the locations of U.S. highway crash fatalities in 2015. Source: https://maps.bts.dot.gov/MapGallery/.](/cms/asset/f84cea79-a60d-40bf-a45b-6839ff2f104c/ujse_a_1721035_f0004_c.jpg)
Fig. 5 Choropleth/dot map that displays the distribution of heart disease death rates in Alaska by gender and public health region between 2008 and 2012. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/maps/gisx/mapgallery/AK_HDGender.html.
![Fig. 5 Choropleth/dot map that displays the distribution of heart disease death rates in Alaska by gender and public health region between 2008 and 2012. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/maps/gisx/mapgallery/AK_HDGender.html.](/cms/asset/34cd0f03-9871-42e8-a2fd-a6b8c0ff701d/ujse_a_1721035_f0005_c.jpg)
Fig. 6 Choropleth plot construction: (a) Each variable has a color “ramp”; (b) these two ramps are overlaid on top of each other (picture the Variable One ramp moving to the right on top of the Variable Two ramp); (c) the bivariate distribution of the two variables corresponds to a 3 by 3 array of colors.
![Fig. 6 Choropleth plot construction: (a) Each variable has a color “ramp”; (b) these two ramps are overlaid on top of each other (picture the Variable One ramp moving to the right on top of the Variable Two ramp); (c) the bivariate distribution of the two variables corresponds to a 3 by 3 array of colors.](/cms/asset/05fc0f01-b82f-422a-8f76-2f9f6b381be5/ujse_a_1721035_f0006_c.jpg)
Fig. 7 Bivariate choropleth map that displays the relationship between reported sightings of Bigfoot between 1921 and 2013, and population density within each U.S. county. Source: http://www.joshuastevens.net/visualization/squatch-watch-92-years-of-bigfoot-sightings-in-us-and-canada/.
![Fig. 7 Bivariate choropleth map that displays the relationship between reported sightings of Bigfoot between 1921 and 2013, and population density within each U.S. county. Source: http://www.joshuastevens.net/visualization/squatch-watch-92-years-of-bigfoot-sightings-in-us-and-canada/.](/cms/asset/df431903-a1c1-40cf-872c-2a9e7eaaf7ae/ujse_a_1721035_f0007_c.jpg)
Fig. 8 Choropleth map that shows the distribution of the percentage of the obese adult population in each state based upon 3 year averages from 2014 to 2016. Source: http://calorielab.com/news/wp-images/post-images/fattest-states-2017-big.jpg.
![Fig. 8 Choropleth map that shows the distribution of the percentage of the obese adult population in each state based upon 3 year averages from 2014 to 2016. Source: http://calorielab.com/news/wp-images/post-images/fattest-states-2017-big.jpg.](/cms/asset/ef3897b0-3bee-40a3-9851-088b5a3259df/ujse_a_1721035_f0008_c.jpg)
Table 1 Poverty rate and obesity rate by state.
Fig. A1 Maps of 2016 U.S. presidential election results: (a) county-level choropleth map; (b) dot density map. Sources: (a) https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/07/30/presenting-the-least-misleading-map-of-the-2016-election/; (b) http://arcg.is/1yLmOL.
![Fig. A1 Maps of 2016 U.S. presidential election results: (a) county-level choropleth map; (b) dot density map. Sources: (a) https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/07/30/presenting-the-least-misleading-map-of-the-2016-election/; (b) http://arcg.is/1yLmOL.](/cms/asset/d7b5ffbc-8c32-4ab0-871b-12886720cac1/ujse_a_1721035_f0009_c.jpg)
Fig. A2 Electoral Maps of 2016 U.S. presidential election: (a) traditional choropleth; (b) gridded hexagonal cartogram. Sources: (a) https://www.270towin.com/2016_Election/interactive_map; (b) https://gistbok.ucgis.org/bok-topics/2018-quarter-02/cartograms.
![Fig. A2 Electoral Maps of 2016 U.S. presidential election: (a) traditional choropleth; (b) gridded hexagonal cartogram. Sources: (a) https://www.270towin.com/2016_Election/interactive_map; (b) https://gistbok.ucgis.org/bok-topics/2018-quarter-02/cartograms.](/cms/asset/7c5565b1-e4d2-449d-9f65-c2950c67af59/ujse_a_1721035_f0010_c.jpg)