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Original

Conversion of Sunflower Oil to Biodiesel by Alcoholysis using Immobilized Lipase

Pages 138-149 | Published online: 11 Jul 2009

Figures & data

TABLE 1 Yields of fatty acid methyl esters according to solvent kind (reaction conditions in text)

Figure 1 Effect of amount of hexane on production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by imm. CRL, (•) Absence of hexane, (▪) Hexane 40 wt. %, (-□-) Hexane 80 wt. %.

Figure 1 Effect of amount of hexane on production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by imm. CRL, (•) Absence of hexane, (▪) Hexane 40 wt. %, (-□-) Hexane 80 wt. %.

Figure 2 Difference of reaction behavior by the kind of immobilized lipase on production of fatty acid propyl ester (FAPE), (-▪-)PPL, (-□-) CRL.

Figure 2 Difference of reaction behavior by the kind of immobilized lipase on production of fatty acid propyl ester (FAPE), (-▪-)PPL, (-□-) CRL.

Figure 3 Difference of reaction behavior by the kind of immobilized lipase on production of fatty acid butyl ester (FABE), (-▪-)PPL, (-□-) CRL.

Figure 3 Difference of reaction behavior by the kind of immobilized lipase on production of fatty acid butyl ester (FABE), (-▪-)PPL, (-□-) CRL.

Figure 4 Effect of immobilization of CRL on production of Fatty acid propyl ester (FAPE) and Fatty acid butyl ester (FABE).

Figure 4 Effect of immobilization of CRL on production of Fatty acid propyl ester (FAPE) and Fatty acid butyl ester (FABE).

Figure 5 Effect of temperature on production of fatty acid propyl ester (FAPE) by (-□-) free CRL and (-▪-) immobilized CRL.

Figure 5 Effect of temperature on production of fatty acid propyl ester (FAPE) by (-□-) free CRL and (-▪-) immobilized CRL.

Figure 6 Effect of water content on enzymatic activity of immobilized CRL.

Figure 6 Effect of water content on enzymatic activity of immobilized CRL.

Figure 7 Oprerational stability by number of operation of immobilized CRL.

Figure 7 Oprerational stability by number of operation of immobilized CRL.

Figure 8 Comparison of (°) trilinolein and (•) sunflower oil in transesterification using immobilized CRL.

Figure 8 Comparison of (°) trilinolein and (•) sunflower oil in transesterification using immobilized CRL.

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