Figures & data
Figure 1 Example of severely angulated and short neck, which represents a significant limitation for endovascular stent-graft repairs for AAAs.
![Figure 1 Example of severely angulated and short neck, which represents a significant limitation for endovascular stent-graft repairs for AAAs.](/cms/asset/47ffa5fe-e5ec-45d2-acaa-905b4f0bf980/ianb19_a_324068_uf0001_b.gif)
Figure 2 Weft-knitted polyester arterial prosthesis specifically designed to create the aneurysm, holding external gold marks both proximally and distally (arrows) (A) and implanted as substitute of the infra-renal abdominal aorta (B).
![Figure 2 Weft-knitted polyester arterial prosthesis specifically designed to create the aneurysm, holding external gold marks both proximally and distally (arrows) (A) and implanted as substitute of the infra-renal abdominal aorta (B).](/cms/asset/30b3e97b-7c16-4cb0-ad59-a44d22afcd98/ianb19_a_324068_uf0002_b.gif)
Figure 3 Weft-knitted polyester employed in the construction of the stent-graft, crimped in Module A with a distal suture to create a constriction to firmly hold the distal module (A1) and non crimped in Module B (A2); this polyester knit holds characteristics of dimensionnal adaptability without structural change as evidenced in X-rays (Faxitron) (B).
![Figure 3 Weft-knitted polyester employed in the construction of the stent-graft, crimped in Module A with a distal suture to create a constriction to firmly hold the distal module (A1) and non crimped in Module B (A2); this polyester knit holds characteristics of dimensionnal adaptability without structural change as evidenced in X-rays (Faxitron) (B).](/cms/asset/2195736f-10e5-432c-82dc-9fe6b418a5ad/ianb19_a_324068_uf0003_b.gif)
Figure 4 Module A (Seta Rack) still inserted in its cartridge. The proximal half of the Palmaz-type stainless steel is uncovered to permit a safe trans-renal deployment whereas a distal constriction guarantees a safe anchorage to Module B (Seta Rik 2).
![Figure 4 Module A (Seta Rack) still inserted in its cartridge. The proximal half of the Palmaz-type stainless steel is uncovered to permit a safe trans-renal deployment whereas a distal constriction guarantees a safe anchorage to Module B (Seta Rik 2).](/cms/asset/2a681c50-7522-4e36-8b7a-f80c6fc32de4/ianb19_a_324068_uf0004_b.gif)
Figure 5 Module B (Seta Rik 2) still inserted in its cartridge. This module holds two stents: the proximal one is covered by the polyester textile whereas the distal one is uncovered in its third distal portion.
![Figure 5 Module B (Seta Rik 2) still inserted in its cartridge. This module holds two stents: the proximal one is covered by the polyester textile whereas the distal one is uncovered in its third distal portion.](/cms/asset/83c1ca16-c735-462d-b557-443b7b98e0e6/ianb19_a_324068_uf0005_b.gif)
Figure 6 Ideal morphological measures of the site of operation: diameter of the infra-renal aorta and lengths of the proximal neck, the artificial aneurysm and the distal neck.
![Figure 6 Ideal morphological measures of the site of operation: diameter of the infra-renal aorta and lengths of the proximal neck, the artificial aneurysm and the distal neck.](/cms/asset/25ba6ada-7ca6-4482-92c4-3a553a21f8c5/ianb19_a_324068_uf0006_b.gif)
Figure 7 Suprarenal deployment of Module A (Seta Rack): the proximal bare segment of the stent lands vis a vis the orifice of the left renal artery.
![Figure 7 Suprarenal deployment of Module A (Seta Rack): the proximal bare segment of the stent lands vis a vis the orifice of the left renal artery.](/cms/asset/a118cd35-4d06-4a79-b179-8989def04db1/ianb19_a_324068_uf0007_b.gif)
Figure 8 Infrarenal deployment of Module B (Seta Rick 2) to isolate the aneurysm. It is anchored to the Module A by telescoping and securely holds in place thanks to the constriction created with the suture.
![Figure 8 Infrarenal deployment of Module B (Seta Rick 2) to isolate the aneurysm. It is anchored to the Module A by telescoping and securely holds in place thanks to the constriction created with the suture.](/cms/asset/f3ab4220-f0f5-4afa-88bb-88aedd4a35be/ianb19_a_324068_uf0008_b.gif)
Table 1 Morphological characteristics
Figure 9 Angiographies: before the deployment of the stent-graft to isolate the prosthetic aneurysm (A) and after the deployment of the device (B).
![Figure 9 Angiographies: before the deployment of the stent-graft to isolate the prosthetic aneurysm (A) and after the deployment of the device (B).](/cms/asset/899ec2a3-dc66-4884-81f8-dd6013f25665/ianb19_a_324068_uf0009_b.gif)
Figure 10 Echodoppler illustrations of observations carried out before (A) and immediately after the deployment of the stent-graft (B) in a dog 113 days after the creation of the aneurysm.
![Figure 10 Echodoppler illustrations of observations carried out before (A) and immediately after the deployment of the stent-graft (B) in a dog 113 days after the creation of the aneurysm.](/cms/asset/1c5a01e5-a89e-46a9-80c9-f69e0f76ad14/ianb19_a_324068_uf0010_b.gif)
Figure 11 Angiographies recorded before the sacrifice of a dog whose stent-graft was implanted for 6 months, in the absence of contrast agent (A) and in the presence of contrast agent (B).
![Figure 11 Angiographies recorded before the sacrifice of a dog whose stent-graft was implanted for 6 months, in the absence of contrast agent (A) and in the presence of contrast agent (B).](/cms/asset/6b673147-783f-4dac-b7c0-75e362489aa1/ianb19_a_324068_uf0011_b.gif)
Figure 13 Gross observation of the specimens at the sacrifice of the animals: A) encapsulated prosthetic aneurysm fitted with a stent-graft before explantation; B1, B2) encapsulated prosthetic aneurysm representation of the 19 specimens whose encapsulations was classified as excellent; C1, C2) representative specimen of the 6 devices well encapsulated although the polyester graft of the prosthetic aneurysm was visible through the translucide fibrous tissues; D1, D2) representative specimen of the 4 devices whose external capsule was ulcerated.
![Figure 13 Gross observation of the specimens at the sacrifice of the animals: A) encapsulated prosthetic aneurysm fitted with a stent-graft before explantation; B1, B2) encapsulated prosthetic aneurysm representation of the 19 specimens whose encapsulations was classified as excellent; C1, C2) representative specimen of the 6 devices well encapsulated although the polyester graft of the prosthetic aneurysm was visible through the translucide fibrous tissues; D1, D2) representative specimen of the 4 devices whose external capsule was ulcerated.](/cms/asset/f1db8768-2a88-48cd-b372-6ed1706686c6/ianb19_a_324068_uf0013_b.gif)
Table 2 Morphology (gross examination)
Figure 14 Different shapes of the stent-grafts after explantation and fixation in formaline; A1, A2) representative specimens of 12 straight devices; B1, B2) representative specimen of 12 slightly bent devices; C1, C2) representative specimen of 4 bent devices; D1, D2) sole misaligned device.
![Figure 14 Different shapes of the stent-grafts after explantation and fixation in formaline; A1, A2) representative specimens of 12 straight devices; B1, B2) representative specimen of 12 slightly bent devices; C1, C2) representative specimen of 4 bent devices; D1, D2) sole misaligned device.](/cms/asset/d836554d-7c3f-4b2e-ab5f-bec498957005/ianb19_a_324068_uf0014_b.gif)
Table 3 X-rays
Figure 15 IVUS illustrations of the lumen and the cross-section of the explanted stent-graft: A1, A2) representative specimen of 18 devices whose capsule was discrete of absent; B1, B2) representative specimen of 7 devices whose thickness of the internal capsule was variable; C1, C2); representative specimen of 4 devices whose luminal surface was scattered with mural thrombi.
![Figure 15 IVUS illustrations of the lumen and the cross-section of the explanted stent-graft: A1, A2) representative specimen of 18 devices whose capsule was discrete of absent; B1, B2) representative specimen of 7 devices whose thickness of the internal capsule was variable; C1, C2); representative specimen of 4 devices whose luminal surface was scattered with mural thrombi.](/cms/asset/2e0b90fa-0957-456e-98ef-f527e3a443da/ianb19_a_324068_uf0015_b.gif)
Table 4 IVUS
Figure 16 Illustrations in endoscopy of the luminal surface of the stent-grafts. A) distal end of the transrenal stent constriction in a stent-graft. B) constriction at the anchorage of Module B in Module A with variable levels of thrombotic encroaching in a stent-graft. C1, C2) distal section of the unsupported segment of Module A close to the anchorage of module B. D1, D2) scattered mural thrombi in a stent-graft 97 days after deployment in a 115 days prosthetic aneurysm.
![Figure 16 Illustrations in endoscopy of the luminal surface of the stent-grafts. A) distal end of the transrenal stent constriction in a stent-graft. B) constriction at the anchorage of Module B in Module A with variable levels of thrombotic encroaching in a stent-graft. C1, C2) distal section of the unsupported segment of Module A close to the anchorage of module B. D1, D2) scattered mural thrombi in a stent-graft 97 days after deployment in a 115 days prosthetic aneurysm.](/cms/asset/35a29a5b-77be-4399-b67d-99e0101ca07c/ianb19_a_324068_uf0016_b.gif)
Table 5 Angioscopy