Trunk alignment in different standing positions in healthy subjects and stroke patients -a comparative study with a simple method for the everyday practice.: Trunk alignment in healthy and stroke subjects

Figures & data

Figure 1. Presentation of marker setup.

Table 1. The mean (95% confidence intervals) of asymmetry indices of weight distribution (AIW) and trunk angles (AIA) in healthy subjects and stroke patients.

	AIW		AIA
SP
Control	7.1 ± (4.5–9.6)		−2.4 ± (−6.6–1.9)
Patients	25.6 ± (4.2–16.7)*		4.5 ± (0.2–8.7)*
WS	MS	LS	MS	LS
Control	141 ± (125.5–157.3)	125 ± (105.8–144.4)^#	−1.7 ± (−5.32–1.83)	4.7 ± (−1.63–10.93)
Patients	125 ± (106.8–143.2)	82 ± (62.7–103.2)*^#	−0.5 ± (−6.17–5.21)	−7.6 ± (−13.31 to −1.99)*

SP: Starting position; WS: (lateral) weight shift; MS: more loaded side; LS: less loaded side.

* and ^# denote significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to control group and MS, respectively.

Figure 2A. Relative ground force (RGF)in starting position (SP) in patients and controls.

*P < 0.05 compared to control group. ^#P < 0.05 compared to contralateral side.

Figure 2B. Relative ground force (RGF) in weight shift position in patients and controls.

*P < 0.05 compared to control group. ^#P < 0.05 compared to contralateral side.

Figure 3. Trunk angles (AVIAs) on both sides in starting and weight shift positions in patients and controls. *P < 0.05 compared to control group. ^#P < 0.05 compared to contralateral side (MS: more loaded side; LS: less loaded side WS: weight shift).

Figure 4. Elongation indices on both sides in starting and weight shift positions in patients and controls.*P < 0.05 compared to control group. ^#P < 0.05 compared to contralateral side (MS: more loaded side/LS: less loaded side; WBS: weight-bearing side; non-weight-bearing side).

Figure 5. Changes of trunk alignment during weight shift in a healthy control subject (top) and a stroke patient (bottom). SP: The starting position (quiet standing); L: shift to the left; R: shift to the right.

Table 2. Correlations between relative ground force (RGF) and acromion–vertebra–iliac crest angle (AVIA) values.

	RGF-SP			RGF-WS		AIW-SP
	MS	LS		MS	LS	MS	LS
RGF-WS
Control	0.14		0.30
Patients	−0.36		0.43
AVIA-SP
Control	−0.10		−0.16	−0.03	0.44
Patients	0.53*		−0.04	−0.32	0.09
AVIA-WS-WBS
Control	0.02		−0.21	−0.10	0.32
Patients	0.45		0.11	−0.17	0.29
AVIA-WS-NWBS
Control	−0.09		0.55*	0.20	0.11
Patients	−0.17		−0.44	−0.09	−069*
AIW-WS
Control						−0.07		−0.35
Patients						−0.22		−0.52*

AIW: Asymmetry Indices of Weight bearing; SP: starting position; WS: (lateral) weight shift; MS: more loaded side; LS: less loaded side; WBS: weight-bearing side; NWBS: non-weight-bearing side.

*Significant degree of correlation.

Table 3. Correlations between the asymmetry/elongation indices.

	AIW-SP		AIW-WS		AIA-SP		AIA-WS		EI-WBS
	MS	LS	MS	LS	MS	LS	MS	LS	MS	LS
AIW-WS
Control	−0.07	−0.35
Patients	−0.22	−0.52*
AIA-SP
Control	−0.33		−0.26	−0.19
Patients	0.36		−0.17	−0.42
AIA-WS
Control	−0.19	0.25	−0.25	0.12	0.70*	−0.89*
Patients	0.30	−0.43	−0.08	0.64*	0.80*	−0.79*
EI-WBS
Control	0.20	0.12	−0.11	−0.02	−0.53*	−0.50*	0.13	0.81*
Patients	−0.009	−0.25	0.23	0.35	0.11	−0.15	0.62*	0.66*
EI-NWBS
Control	0.27	−0.27	0.20	−0.19	−0.90*	0.95*	−0.91*	−0.97*	0.30	−0.66*
Patients	−0.36	0.42	0.20	−0.63*	−0.93*	0.90*	−0.94*	−0.95*	−0.33	−0.39

AIW: Asymmetry Indices of Weight bearing; AIA: Asymmetry Indices of Angles; EI: Elongation Indices; SP: starting position; WS: weight shift; WBS: weight-bearing side; NWBS: non-weight-bearing side.

*Significant degree of correlation.