Health literacy is associated with less depression symptoms, higher perceived recovery, higher perceived participation, and walking ability one year after stroke – a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the included participants (n = 108).

Variable	Number (%)
Women	39 (36)
Age (years, mean, SD)	72 ± 12
Degree of disability*
mild	64 (60)
moderate	38 (35)
severe	5 (5)
Education level
elementary	31 (29)
secondary	25 (23)
university/college	52 (48)
Health literacy level
inadequate	10 (9)
problematic	31 (27)
sufficient	67 (62)
Depression	31 (27)
Walk without aids	88 (85)
High recovery	60 (56)
High participation	59 (55)

*Data missing on degree of disability for one participant

Table 2. Quantile regression models showing the cross-sectional association between continuous variables of clinical outcomes and higher health literacy one year post stroke.

Outcome		Model A	Model B
Depression	Coefficient 95% CI	−0.24* −0.43 to−0.057	−0.24* −0.42 to−0.046
Recovery	Coefficient 95% CI	1.90* 0.31–3.48	1.79* 0.23–3.36
Participation	Coefficient 95% CI	2.73** 0.84–4.63	3.19** 1.30–5.09

Model A was adjusted for age and sex; Model B was adjusted for age, sex, and education level. Statistical significance was indicated by: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

Table 3. Logistic regression models showing the cross-sectional association between clinical outcomes and higher health literacy one year post stroke.

Outcome		Model A	Model B	Model C
Depression	Odds ratio 95% CI	0.81** 0.70–0.94	0.81** 0.70–0.94	-
Walk without aids	Odds ratio 95% CI	1.21* 1.01–1.45	1.21* 1.00–1.45	1.19 0.98–1.44
High recovery	Odds ratio 95% CI	1.28** 1.09–1.50	1.28** 1.09–1.50	1.21* 1.02–1.42
High participation	Odds ratio 95% CI	1.34** 1.13–1.59	1.34** 1.13–1.59	1.25* 1.05–1.48

Model A was adjusted for age and sex; Model B was adjusted for age, sex, and education level; Model C was adjusted for age, sex, education level, and depression.

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.