The strategy of training staff for a new type of helicopter as an element of raising the security level of flight operations

Figures & data

Table 1. Groups of causes leading to aviation incidents in the human factor (H) category and the number of incidents during 2006–2009.

		Number of incidents
Code	Cause	2006	2007	2008	2009	Total
H1	Intended action	0	0	0	0	0
H2	Lack of qualifications	0	0	0	1	1
H3	Errors in communication	0	0	0	0	0
H4	Procedural errors	2	1	3	5	11
H5	Ineptness	0	0	0	0	0
Total						12

Table 2. Groups of causes leading to aviation incidents in the technical factor (T) category and the number of incidents during 2006–2009.

		Number of incidents
Code	Cause	2006	2007	2008	2009	Total
T1	Serious engine failure, engine fire, damage to the surface of the balloon, damage to the canopy or harness of the parachute	0	0	0	0	0
T2	Engine failure or damage, fire signal, damaged balloon, damage to the canopy or harness of the parachute	1	0	1	0	2
T3	Landing gear and tires	3	1	1	0	5
T4	Flight controls	0	0	0	0	0
T5	Construction damage	0	2	0	0	2
T6	Fire, smoke (in crew cabin, passenger cabin, or hold)	0	0	0	0	0
T7	Unauthorized modifications, counterfeit spare parts	0	0	0	0	0
T8	Radio equipment and devices	1	2	4	0	7
T9	Construction and production faults	1	4	3	0	8
T10	Autopilot/flight management systems	0	0	0	0	0
T11	Faulty hydraulic system(s)	1	1	1	1	4
T12	Others	0	3	1	1	5
Total						33

Table 3. Groups of causes leading to aviation incidents in the organizational (O) factor category and the number of incidents during 2006–2009.

		Number of incidents
Code	Cause	2006	2007	2008	2009	Total
O1	Safety management	0	0	0	0	0
O2	Training system	0	0	0	0	0
O3	Standards, inspections, audits	0	0	0	0	0
O4	Operation of cabin crew	0	0	0	0	0
O5	Operation of ground crew	0	0	0	0	0
O6	Technology and equipment	0	0	0	0	0
O7	Operation planning	0	0	0	0	0
O8	Management changes	0	0	0	0	0
O9	System of selection	0	0	0	0	0
O10	Technical service	0	0	1	1	2
O11	Shipping, dispatch	0	0	0	0	0
O12	Others	0	0	0	0	0
Total						2

Table 4. Groups of causes leading to aviation incidents in the environmental (E) factor category and the number of incidents during 2006–2009.

		Number of incidents
Code	Cause	2006	2007	2008	2009	Total
E1	Meteorological	0	0	0	1	1
E2	Air traffic control services	0	0	0	0	0
E3	Birds, animals, other foreign objects	1	1	1	3	6
E4	Airport services, ground services	0	0	0	0	0
E5	Navigational aids	0	0	0	0	0
E6	Security	0	0	0	0	0
E7	Supervision of observing regulations	0	0	0	0	0
E8	Others	0	0	0	2	2
Total						9

Figure 1. Aviation incidents during 2006–2009 by groups of causes.

Figure 2. Safety chain in helicopter flights.

Figure 3. Algorithm of the training process in the Polish Medical Air Rescue (PMAR).

Note: ATC = aviation training center; EMS = Emergency Medical Service; ES = emergency services; FATO = final approach and takeoff area; TMS = technical maintenance section; TRTO = type rating training organization; SFS = State Fire Service; TD = PMAR training department.

Figure 4. Algorithm of the risk management process.

Figure 5. Values representing safety during 2006–2013.

Figure 6. Missions performed by the Polish Medical Air Rescue during 2001–2013 by year.

Table 5. Group of causes leading to aviation incidents in the human factor (H) category and the number of incidents during 2010–2013.

		Number of incidents
Code	Cause	2010	2011	2012	2013
H1	Intended action	0	1	2	0
H2	Lack of qualifications	0	5	0	1
H3	Errors in communication	0	1	0	1
H4	Procedural errors	1	0	2	2
H5	Ineptness	0	0	0	0