Toxicity of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol to willow trees (Salix viminalis)

ABSTRACT

Chlorinated phenols have been intensively investigated from an eco-toxicological point of view, however almost nothing is known about toxicity of tetrachlorophenol (TeCP) to higher terrestrial plants. This article applied the willow tree acute toxicity test to study the toxicity of 2,3,5,6-TeCP to willows Salix viminalis (S. viminalis) at neutral and acidic conditions (roughly pH 7 and 4) with inhibition of transpiration as toxic endpoint. At neutral pH the EC₅₀ was >10 mg L⁻¹ while the EC₅₀ at acidic conditions was 0.32 ± 0.17 mg L⁻¹, clearly indicating that toxicity is exerted by the non-ionic chemical fraction. Standard tests running at neutral pH are therefore not capturing the full toxicity of weak acids and bases.

KEYWORDS:

• chlorinated phenols
• phytotoxicity
• tetrachlorophenol
• ionizing compounds
• willow

Funding

This research was not funded by external partners.