Applying the Health Belief Model to Medication Adherence: The Role of Online Health Communities and Peer Reviews

Abstract

Millions of Americans are living with at least one chronic disease, and while the majority has been prescribed medication to control symptoms—medication adherence is a widespread problem. Medication nonadherence varies by chronic disease, patient characteristics, and insurance coverage, and previous research has identified non-financial barriers including disease-related knowledge, health literacy and polypharmacy. However, given the increasing popularity of online health communities, little research examines the influence of user-generated content on health behaviors. Many patients use the internet to seek and share information related to prescription medications. The current study examines patients’ attitudes and behavioral intentions formed (in part) by the user-generated content exchanged within online health communities. Specifically, the Health Belief Model’s perceived barriers and perceived benefits are explored here. Twenty members from online health communities related to arthritis are interviewed to understand how peer-to-peer communication is used in regards to medication adherence. Three themes emerged from the data, including striving for pain relief, negotiating potential side effects, and finding the new normal. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.