Work-Related Alcohol Use and Harm to Others

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of sample.

	Unweighted	Weighted
N	3596	3596
Women	48.9%	47.0%
Age	M = 45.6	M = 42.3
Higher education	48.3%	40.7%
Full-time (100%) employment	79.2%	82.3%
Never drank alcohol	1.8%	2.4%
Never drank alcohol past 12 months	6.7%	7.1%
Drinking monthly or more	77.5%	76.3%
Work-related drinking monthly or more often	7.1%	7.8%
Perceived coworker intoxication frequency (monthly+)	13.1%	13.8%
High work time flexibility	18.2%	17.5%
High work place flexibility	6.8%	6.6%
High income NOK699,999+	15.1%	12.8%

Table 2. Estimated percentages and weighted number (in parenthesis) of respondents who experienced negative consequences in the past 12 months from coworkers’ alcohol use.

	Never	1–2 times	>2 times	N	Missing
Felt excluded	89.3% (3193)	8.5% (303)	2.2% (78)	3574	0.6% (22)
Physical harm	98.2% (3513)	1.6% (56)	0.3% (9)	3578	0.5% (18)
Verbally abused	95.2% (3401)	4.1% (147)	0.7% (25)	3574	0.6% (22)
Sexual attention	93.0% (3326)	5.8% (207)	1.2% (42)	3576	0.6% (21)
Any of the above	82.6% (2958)	13.2% (473)	4.2% (152)	3583	0.4% (13)

Note. Data weighted by gender, education, and age group. Missing given as percentages of full sample, other columns given as percentages of non-missing sample. The response “Do not know” (chosen by 7–11 participants) is included in the missing category.

Table 3. Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) from four regression analyses predicting experience of negative consequences of work-related alcohol use in the past 12 months (N = 3596).

	Felt excluded	Physically harmed	Verbally abused	Unwanted sexual attention
Constant	0.14 [0.10, 0.21]	0.09 [0.04, 0.18]	0.06 [0.04, 0.10]	0.05 [0.03, 0.07]
Socio-demographics
Gender: Woman	1.00 [0.78, 1.28]	0.25 [0.11, 0.55]	0.81 [0.57, 1.15]	2.66 [1.94, 3.63]
Education: Higher	1.33 [1.04, 1.69]	0.62 [0.29, 1.32]	0.92 [0.65, 1.32]	0.86 [0.64, 1.17]
Age
20–29	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
30–39	0.96 [0.67, 1.37]	0.27 [0.12, 0.62]	0.84 [0.50, 1.41]	0.89 [0.59, 1.35]
40–49	0.69 [0.47, 1.01]	0.15 [0.05, 0.42]	0.67 [0.39, 1.15]	0.74 [0.48, 1.14]
50–59	0.77 [0.53, 1.10]	0.09 [0.03, 0.28]	0.65 [0.38, 1.10]	0.48 [0.31, 0.76]
60–69	0.58 [0.37, 0.89]	0.07 [0.02, 0.32]	0.32 [0.16, 0.66]	0.28 [0.15, 0.51]
Income
NOK400,000>	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
NOK400,000–699,999	0.72 [0.55, 0.94]	1.01 [0.47, 2.17]	1.12 [0.74, 1.69]	1.02 [0.73, 1.43]
NOK699,999<	0.51 [0.32, 0.80]	0.37 [0.08, 1.80]	1.21 [0.67, 2.17]	1.32 [0.79, 2.20]
Job characteristics
Job autonomy	0.79 [0.69, 0.89]	0.91 [0.63, 1.31]	0.84 [0.70, 1.00]	0.89 [0.77, 1.04]
Work time flexibility
Low	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Some	1.19 [0.89, 1.60]	0.79 [0.31, 2.02]	1.04 [0.67, 1.61]	1.05 [0.73, 1.51]
High	1.34 [0.91, 1.97]	0.81 [0.27, 2.46]	1.15 [0.66, 2.00]	0.81 [0.50, 1.30]
Work location flexibility
Low	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Some	0.83 [0.60, 1.14]	1.35 [0.53, 3.46]	1.06 [0.67, 1.68]	2.01 [1.39, 2.91]
High	1.17 [0.69, 1.98]	2.96 [0.79, 11.04]	1.90 [0.95, 3.82]	2.60 [1.39, 4.87]

Table 4. Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) from four regression analyses predicting experience of negative consequences of work-related alcohol use in the past 12 months, with respondents’ own alcohol use and perceived coworker intoxication frequency as additional predictors (N = 3596).

	Felt excluded	Physically harmed	Verbally abused	Unwanted sexual attention
Constant	0.07 [0.04, 0.11]	0.03 [0.01, 0.09]	0.02 [0.01, 0.05]	0.01 [0.01, 0.02]
Socio-demographics
Gender: Woman	1.04 [0.81, 1.33]	0.21 [0.09, 0.52]	0.85 [0.59, 1.23]	2.92 [2.11, 4.04]
Education: Higher	1.55 [1.20, 2.01]	0.68 [0.32, 1.45]	1.02 [0.71, 1.48]	0.90 [0.66, 1.22]
Age
20–29	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
30–39	1.01 [0.69, 1.46]	0.37 [0.15, 0.91]	1.04 [0.60, 1.80]	1.04 [0.67, 1.61]
40–49	0.78 [0.53, 1.17]	0.23 [0.08, 0.68]	0.92 [0.52, 1.63]	0.96 [0.61, 1.51]
50–59	0.92 [0.63, 1.36]	0.17 [0.05, 0.54]	0.98 [0.56, 1.73]	0.71 [0.44, 1.13]
60–69	0.78 [0.49, 1.23]	0.13 [0.03, 0.64]	0.55 [0.26, 1.14]	0.44 [0.23, 0.83]
Income
NOK400,000>	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
NOK400,000–699,999	0.78 [0.59, 1.04]	0.94 [0.41, 2.18]	1.20 [0.78, 1.86]	0.96 [0.68, 1.36]
NOK699,999<	0.55 [0.34, 0.88]	0.23 [0.04, 1.23]	1.12 [0.61, 2.07]	1.09 [0.65, 1.86]
Job characteristics
Job autonomy	0.82 [0.72, 0.94]	0.90 [0.60, 1.36]	0.85 [0.70, 1.03]	0.92 [0.78, 1.08]
Work time flexibility
Low	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Some	1.30 [0.96, 1.77]	0.75 [0.28, 2.02]	1.07 [0.68, 1.67]	1.00 [0.69, 1.45]
High	1.49 [0.99, 2.23]	0.68 [0.20, 2.29]	1.08 [0.60, 1.92]	0.73 [0.45, 1.19]
Work location flexibility
Low	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Some	0.84 [0.60, 1.17]	0.84 [0.30, 2.35]	0.93 [0.57, 1.51]	1.81 [1.24, 2.65]
High	1.03 [0.59, 1.82]	2.70 [0.64, 11.44]	1.69 [0.81, 3.51]	2.43 [1.26, 4.66]
Alcohol use
Work-related alcohol use past 12 months
Never	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
1 day	0.55 [0.40, 0.76]	0.82 [0.28, 2.38]	0.73 [0.44, 1.21]	1.75 [1.12, 2.74]
2–3 days	0.35 [0.25, 0.49]	0.12 [0.01, 0.96]	0.61 [0.36, 1.01]	1.73 [1.11, 2.69]
More than 3 days	0.33 [0.22, 0.49]	0.99 [0.31, 3.19]	0.65 [0.36, 1.19]	1.86 [1.14, 3.04]
1 day per month	0.38 [0.20, 0.70]	4.33 [1.48, 12.62]	1.85 [0.98, 3.47]	2.71 [1.44, 5.10]
2–3 days per month or more	0.86 [0.45, 1.65]	9.94 [3.34, 29.59]	4.13 [2.14, 7.96]	6.41 [3.29, 12.52]
Perceived coworker intoxication frequency
Never	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
1–2 times per year	2.63 [1.91, 3.63]	2.50 [0.79, 7.95]	1.90 [1.17, 3.08]	1.91 [1.29, 2.83]
Less frequent than monthly	6.19 [4.30, 8.90]	6.00 [1.80, 19.96]	4.42 [2.62, 7.46]	3.51 [2.26, 5.46]
Monthly or more often	10.60 [6.70, 16.79]	6.80 [1.81, 25.57]	7.87 [4.28, 14.46]	6.91 [4.01, 11.91]