Measuring Architecture in Recovery Homes: Recovery Home Architecture Scale

Figures & data

Figure 1. Socio-physical interactions in a Social Living House (SLH).

Table 1. RHAS means (SD)(N = 41), reliability coefficients, and 95% confidence intervals for subscales and overall RHAS (n = 32).

SLH architectural characteristic	Mean (SD) N = 41	ICC* n = 32	95% CI Lower Limit, Upper Limit
Overall RHAS Score – subscales total	22.9(5.0)	.927	.827, .967
House maintenance subscale	4.0 (0.9)	.937	.875, .969
Overall appearance of the exterior of the house	4.2 (0.9)	.810
Overall appearance of the interior of the house	3.8 (1.1)	.817
Maintenance equipment is adequate	4.0 (1.0)	.814
Protection from environmental health risks	4.0 (1.0)	.823
Cleanliness and hygiene	3.7 (1.3)	.893
Safety and Security Subscale	3.9 (1.0)	.949	.897, .975
Secure property	3.9 (1.2)	.898
Entrances & openings to facility are monitored	3.8 (1.3)	.916
Fire-safety and emergency procedures in place	3.7 (1.2)	.946
Design discourages hiding of contraband	3.8 (1.2)	.921
Food handling and storage is in safe and clean environment	4.2 (1.0)	.835
Sociability Subscale	4.1 (1.0)	.898	.801, .949
Layout of the house encourages resident interactions	4.0 (1.0)	.908
Space to accommodate house meetings with all residents	4.2 (1.1)	.839
Personal and Residence Identity Subscale	3.5 (0.8)	.882	.772, .941
Personalization of resident rooms	3.6 (0.9)	.798
Security of resident personal possessions	3.6 (1.0)	.827
Distinguishing or unique features of the house	3.8 (1.0)	.801
Identification of the house as a sober living environment	3.1 (1.2)	.809
Quality of Furnishings and Fixtures Subscale	3.8 (1.1)	.927	.853, .964
Durability	3.9 (1.2)	.862
Repair	3.7 (1.2)	.914
Comfort	3.8 (1.2)	.843
Appearance (design)	3.8 (1.2)	.921
Outdoor Common Areas Subscale	3.7 (1.0)	.945	.891, .973
Privacy/containment	4.0 (1.0)	.892
Maintenance & upkeep	3.6 (1.1)	.924
Natural feel / planting / green / views	3.3 (1.3)	.827
Suitable for games and recreation	3.5 (1.2)	.858
Suitable for hanging out and socializing	3.8 (1.2)	.912

RHAS, Recovery House Architecture Scale, items scored on scale of 1 = Very poor, 2 = Poor, 3 = Fair, 4 = Good, 5 = Excellent.

*Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) are for one-way random effects, absolute agreement, single rater/measurement to look at inter-rater reliability for house ratings.

SLH, sober living house; CI, Confidence Interval.

Table 2. RHAS construct validity: Correlations between RHAS and SLH abstinence.

RHAS subscale	Resident’s perception of SLH abstinence
House maintenance	.175**
Safety & security	.105*
Sociability	.100*
Personal and residence identity	.106*
Quality of furnishings and fixtures	.117*
Outdoor common areas	.086

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.

RHAS, Recovery Home Architecture Scale; SLH, sober living house.

Table 3. Loading of RHAS Subscales on a Single Factor.

RHAS subscale	Factor 1
House maintenance	.93
Safety & security	.90
Sociability	.88
Personal and residence identity	.80
Quality of furnishings and fixtures	.90
Outdoor common areas	.70

RHAS, Recovery Home Architecture Scale.

Table 4. Interaction of RHAS and RHES on days in the study site SLH.

	Social		Furniture		Identity		Maintenance		Safety		Outside Area		RHAS Total
Step 1	coef.	se	coef.	Se	coef.	se	coef.	se	coef.	se	coef.	se	coef.	se
RHAS	−10.04	9.47	−12.86	8.79	2.39	17.05	−10.15	10.49	−15.64	9.99	−9.85	9.50	−2.49	1.98
RHES	^a3.57	0.95	^a3.63	0.94	^a3.43	0.89	^a3.59	0.95	^a3.73	0.94	^a3.53	0.99	^a3.64	0.94
Intercept	197.82	65.58	203.93	66.56	155.31	80.42	200.81	75.47	223.04	74.42	196.27	73.26	214.50	75.56
Step 2
RHAS	^c-77.89	18.72	^c−54.41	21.37	−66.90	36.40	^c−61.89	30.50	^c−57.25	26.90	−32.00	37.03	^c-13.72	5.37
RHES	^a-7.31	2.86	−2.77	3.01	−5.61	4.26	−4.44	4.27	−2.54	3.59	0.51	5.23	−6.40	4.34
RHAS*RHES	^a2.56	0.70	^c1.62	0.78	^c2.53	1.18	1.96	1.05	1.57	0.95	0.81	1.38	^c0.43	0.19
Intercept	470.24	80.16	360.62	100.12	393.34	143.42	411.20	142.83	383.98	120.47	274.26	139.27	469.17	134.04

^ap ≤.001, ^cp<.05; RHAS, Recovery Home Architecture Scale; RHES, Recovery Home Environment Scale; SLH, sober living house; coef., interaction coefficient; se, standard error.

Note: regression models adjusted for intragroup correlations within the SLHs and for baseline covariates of race, age, sex, ASI alcohol (logged), ASI drug (logged), and ADCQ perceived costs of abstinence subscale scores.

Figure 2. Standardized linear prediction (vertical axis) of the Recovery Home Architectural Scale (RHAS) and the Recovery Home Environmental Scale (RHES) interaction effects on days in the Sober Living House.