The Associations among Perceived Courtesy Stigma, Health and Social Behaviours in Family Members and Friends of People Who Use Substances: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Figures & data

Table 1. Participant demographics and information on loved one’s circumstances.

	Mean (SD)	Range
Age	51.91 (12.56)	30–75
Time in treatment (months)	4.5 (5.30)	0–12+
	N	(%)
Gender: Male	10	28.5%
Gender: Female	25	71.5%
Status: Current	27	77.1%
Status: Historic	8	22.9%
Substance: Alcohol	22	62.6%
Substance: Opiates	10	28.6%
Substance: Other	3	8.8%
Family: Spouse	12	34.3%
Family: Parent	15	42.9%
Family: Other	8	22.8%
Living: Same household	13	37.1%
Living: Different household	21	60.0%
Living: Other	1	2.9%

Note: Demographic data from one participant was lost due to technical issues, therefore N = 35 in Table 1.

Table 2. Cross sectional associations between stigma experience and changes in mood, health and social-related behaviors.

	OR	95% CI	p	N
Mood	0.24	0.19 to 0.30	<.001	1028
Alcohol use	2.28	1.67 to 3.14	<.001	454
Nicotine	6.45	4.22 to 9.96	<.001	363
Gambling	1.02	0.66 to 1.58	.780	192
Sleep	0.39	0.28 to 0.54	<.001	520
Health eating	0.48	0.38 to 0.60	<.001	1011
Activity	0.41	0.33 to 0.51	<.001	983
Connected	0.48	0.38 to 0.59	<.001	962

CI = credible intervals; OR = odds ratio; N = number of data points analyzed: pvalue for frequentist model.

Data availability statement

Data and analysis scripts are available for this project at OSF link https://osf.io/rgqx3/.