Development of a microencapsulated probiotic delivery system for New Zealand black-footed abalone (Haliotis iris)

Abstract

Conventional methods of probiotics delivery to farmed aquatic animals are not efficient due to loss of probiotic’s viability before the probiotics can reach their site of action. This study aims to develop a microencapsulated probiotic delivery system for black-footed abalone (Haliotis iris). An emulsion technique was used to encapsulate probiotic bacteria within chitosan-coated alginate microparticles (CALG). The efficacy of CALG microparticles in delivering probiotics to abalone was assessed using ex vivo and in vivo experiments. Microparticles (113 ± 4 µm) with encapsulation efficiency of more than 75% were developed using an internal gelation formulation approach. The ex vivo release experiments revealed the lack of probiotic discharge in the first 6 h of incubating CALG in seawater followed by a slight bacterial release within the next 20 h. The exposure of CALG microparticles to simulated gastric and intestinal media showed a significantly higher release of encapsulated bacteria in the simulated intestinal medium. The results of feeding trial revealed that the number of probiotic bacteria in probiotic-fed abalone was significantly higher than the one in the control animals. The results suggest that CALG microparticles can be used as a controlled release system for delivering viable probiotic bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract of abalone.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Microencapsulation
• probiotic
• alginate
• microparticle
• abalone
• aquaculture

Acknowledgments

This work was partially funded by the Ministry for Primary Industries’ Sustainable Farming Fund. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr. Ashveen Nand for his technical advice. This work was also supported by AUT Vice Chancellor Doctoral Scholarship to S. Masoomi Dezfooli. We are also thankful for the technical assistance from the Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group at AUT.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).