Validation and Standardization of the Dutch Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children in a Normative and Clinical Sample

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographical Characteristics of the Standardization Sample and Population.

Characteristic	Sample^a (%)	Population^b (%)
Geographical origin
Conurbation of Western Netherlands	14.1	16.6
Other Western Netherlands	29.5	29.2
Northern Netherlands	11.7	10.0
Eastern Netherlands	22.9	20.9
Southern Netherlands	21.9	23.3
Ethnic background caregiver
Dutch	77.1	77.3
Non-Western 1st generation	8.3	10.1
Non-Western 2nd generation	5.7	3.2
Western 1st generation	3.1	4.4
Western 2nd generation	5.8	5.0
Education level caregiver
Low	9.4	18.9
Middle	55.6	52.1
High	35.0	29.0

^aN = 1,802.

^bAccording to the MOA Gold standard (MOA, 2013), a calibration tool for representative sampling for national and regional samples, from census data of 2012 of Statistics Netherlands (CBS).

Table 2. Internal Consistency of TSCYC Scales in Both Samples.

	Standardization sample^a	Clinical sample^b
Scales	α	α
Validity
Response Level	.80	.85
Atypical Response	.93	.37
Clinical
Anxiety	.78	.82
Depression	.85	.82
Anger/Agression	.86	.90
Posttraumatic Stress-Intrusion	.85	.85
Posttraumatic Stress-Avoidance	.87	.79
Posttraumatic Stress-Arousal	.80	.79
Posttraumatic Stress-Total	.92	.90
Dissociation	.86	.91
Sexual Concerns	.90	.82

^aN = 1,802.

^bN = 515.

Table 3. Test-Retest Reliability Coefficient (r) TSCYC Scales for the Standardization Sample.

	First rating^a		Second rating^a
Scale	M	SD	M	SD	ICC
Validity
RL	3.33	2.50	3.74	2.49	.82**
ATR	9.12	0.41	9.18	0.48	.71**
Clinical
ANX	11.82	2.41	11.41	2.32	.84**
DEP	10.48	2.06	10.41	2.07	.90**
ANG	11.73	2.73	11.18	2.11	.87**
PTS-I	10.21	1.71	10.05	1.56	.86**
PTS-AV	10.18	1.95	10.02	1.70	.87**
PTS-AR	12.97	3.30	12.71	3.08	.91**
PTS-TOT	33.36	5.94	32.78	5.52	.93**
DIS	12.06	2.77	11.46	2.68	.85**
SC	9.50	1.05	9.42	0.91	.82**

Note. RL = Response Level, ATR = Atypical Response, ANX = Anxiety, DEP = Depression, ANG = Anger, PTS-I = Posttraumatic Stress-Intrusion, PTS-AV = Posttraumatic Stress-Avoidance, PTS-AR = Posttraumatic Stress-Arousal, PTS-TOT = Posttraumatic Stress-Total, DIS = Dissociation, SC = Sexual Concerns, ICC = Intraclass correlation.

^an = 100.

**p < .01.

Table 4. Correlation Between TSCYC Scales in the Standardization Sample.

	RL	ATR	ANX	DEP	ANG	PTS-I	PTS-AV	PTS-AR	PTS-TOT	DIS	SC
RL	—
ATR	−.21**	—
ANX	−.42**	.59**	—
DEP	−.36**	.67**	.67**	—
ANG	−.55**	.53**	.58**	.59**	—
PTS-I	−.32**	.76**	.73**	.74**	.61**	—
PTS-AV	−.34**	.79**	.69**	.75**	.62**	.86**	—
PTS-AR	−.54**	.46**	.67**	.66**	.67**	.62**	.63**	—
PTS-TOT	−.46**	.73**	.78**	.80**	.71**	.90**	.91**	.87**	—
DIS	−.42**	.57**	.60**	.64**	.57**	.64**	.66**	.71**	.76**	—
SC	−.25**	.89**	.59**	.66**	.52**	.75**	.78**	.47**	.72**	.57**	—

Note. RL = Response Level, ATR = Atypical Response, ANX = Anxiety, DEP = Depression, ANG = Anger, PTS-I = Posttraumatic Stress-Intrusion, PTS-AV = Posttraumatic Stress-Avoidance, PTS-AR = Posttraumatic Stress-Arousal, PTS-TOT = Posttraumatic Stress-Total, DIS = Dissociation, SC = Sexual Concerns. N = 1802.

**p < .01.

Table 5. Analysis of Variance of Clinical TSCYC Scores in the Clinical Sample and the Control Group.

	Control group		Clinical sample
	(n = 476)		(n = 478)
	M	SD	M	SD	F^a	η^2
ANX	11.42	2.52	16.09	5.23	308.72**	.24
DEP	10.56	2.33	14.83	4.71	314.13**	.25
ANG	11.51	2.83	15.60	5.59	203.11**	.18
PTS-I	10.22	1.93	15.12	5.00	396.61**	.29
PTS-AV	10.02	1.88	16.22	5.14	610.24**	.39
PTS-AR	12.42	3.19	18.24	5.29	422.45**	.31
PTS-TOT	32.67	6.10	49.58	13.13	649.83**	.41
DIS	11.27	2.95	13.99	5.37	93.83**	.09
SC	9.58	1.51	11.32	3.56	96.45**	.09

Note. ANX = Anxiety, DEP = Depression, ANG = Anger, PTS-I = Posttraumatic Stress-Intrusion, PTS-AV = Posttraumatic Stress-Avoidance, PTS-AR = Posttraumatic Stress-Arousal, PTS-TOT = Posttraumatic Stress-Total, DIS = Dissociation, SC = Sexual Concerns.

^adf = 1, 952.

**p < 01.

Figure 1. ROC Curve of the posttraumatic stress-total score in the clinical sample and the control group.

Table 6. Correlation Between TSCYC Subscales, CBCL Subscales, CSBI, CDI, and CDC.

	CBCL Externalizing (n = 444)	CBCL Internalizing (n = 444)	CBCL Aggressive Behavior (n = 444)	CBCL Anxious/ Depressed (n = 444)	CBCL Total Problems (n = 444)	CSBI (n = 432)	CDI (n = 186)	CDC (n = 454)
ANX	.27**	.54**	.30**	.56**	.50**	.20**	.25**	.44**
DEP	.44**	.65**	.47**	.70**	.62**	.29**	.26**	.49**
ANG	.73**	.38**	.81**	.37**	.59**	.41**	.10	.49**
PTS-I	.30**	.52**	.30**	.52**	.48**	.22**	.17*	.41**
PTS-AV	.32**	.51**	.32**	.48**	.48**	.27**	.18*	.44**
PTS-AR	.51**	.58**	.54**	.59**	.67**	.33**	.19**	.59**
PTS-TOT	.45**	.64**	.47**	.62**	.65**	.33**	.21**	.56**
DIS	.31**	.46**	.30**	.47**	.49**	.26**	.14	.54**
SC	.37**	.28**	.37**	.33**	.37**	.59**	−.02	.44**

Note: Convergent coefficients are in boldface. ANX = Anxiety, DEP = Depression, ANG = Anger, PTS-I = Posttraumatic Stress-Intrusion, PTS-AV = Posttraumatic Stress-Avoidance, PTS-AR = Posttraumatic Stress-Arousal, PTS-TOT = Posttraumatic Stress-Total, DIS = Dissociation, SC = Sexual Concerns.

*p < .05. **p < .01.

MOA. (2013). Gold Standard. MOA. Retrieved from http://www.moaweb.nl/services/services/gouden-standaard.html

 Google Scholar