Understanding Early Maladaptive Schemas Formation with Traumatic Experiences in Childhood: A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT

This qualitative study offers an in-depth analysis of the traumatic childhood experiences and perception of family relations of individuals in Turkey who have early maladaptive schemas. Criterion sampling yielded 20 individuals after the Young Schema Scale Short Form-3 was administered to 450 young adults to identify those with the most intense and active early maladaptive schemas. Interviews were conducted with participants using questions created by the researchers and analyzed by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The analysis revealed two main themes: conflicting family relationships and lack of marital satisfaction, and dysfunctional parenting. The first theme had three subthemes: conflict and lovelessness between spouse, violent relationships, and relationships open to the negative effect of relatives. The second theme had subthemes about the father and mother. The emerging themes related to fathers include headlines of authoritarian father, ambiguous loss, absence of father, having a traumatic life, dysfunctional parenting and early finished childhood; the themes about their mothers are listed as passive, having traumatic life, dysfunctional parenting and early finished childhood. This study provides detailed information about schemas formation, the experiences and family structures of individuals with high negative schemas which are important for clinical assessment, conceptualization and intervention in counseling and clinical practice.

KEYWORDS:

• Schema therapy
• early experiences
• interpretative phenomenology
• maladaptive schemas
• childhood trauma

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Ethical standards and informed consent

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation [approved by the Zaim University Social and Humanities Research Ethics Committee] and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Informed consent was obtained from all participants for being included in the study. Additional informed consent was obtained from all individuals for whom identifying information is included in this article.