Interpersonal Violence in Elite U.S. Athletes: Prevalence and Mental Health Correlates

Figures & data

Table 1. Frequencies of each type of IV and main perpetrators.

Type of IV	n (% of N)	Females	Males	IV by Coach	IV by Peer	IV by Both^f
Any Type IV	259 (57.8%)	181 (70%)	78 (30%)	150 (58%)	92 (36%)	72 (28%)
Psychological Violence	244 (54.5%)	167 (68.4%)	77 (31.5%)	134 (55%)	86 (35%)	68 (28%)
Sexual Violence^a	39 (8.8%)	35 (90%)	4 (10%)	18 (46%)	15 (38.5%)	1 (2.5%)
–CSA^b	18 (4%)	18 (100%)	0	9 (50%)	8 (44%)	1 (5.5%)
–Adult SA^c	21 (4.7)	17 (81%)	4 (19%)	9 (43%)	7 (33%)	0
Physical Violence^d	31 (6.9%)	17 (55%)	14 (45%)	17 (54.8%)	15 (48.4%)	1 (3%)
Food/Water Deprivation^e	53 (11.8%)	44 (83%)	9 (17%)	53 (100%)	0	0

Note. Total sample was 448 except where otherwise noted.

^aN=445. ^bCSA=child sexual abuse. ^cAdult SA = sexual assault at age 17 or older. ^dN=446. ^eN=447. ^fOther sports-related perpetrators were sometimes indicated, so percentages may not add up to 100.

Table 2. Overlap between various types of IV.

Type of IV	Psychological	Sexual	Physical	Food/Water Dep.
Psychological^a	244
Sexual^b	32	39
Physical^c	30	3	31
Food/Water Dep^.d	45	10	14	53

Note. Dep.=deprivation.

^aTotal sample was 448 except where otherwise noted. ^bN=445. ^cN=446. ^dN=447.

Table 3. Relationship between IV in sport and lifetime psychiatric diagnoses and self-reported eating disorders.

		Psychiatric Diagnosis	Eating Disorder
IV Type^a	n	OR with 95% CI
IV any	259	2.02 (1.33, 3.07)	2.19 (1.25–3.86)
Psychological Violence	244	1.88 (1.24–2.83)	1.74 (1.02–2.97)
Sexual Violence any age^b	39	3.43 (1.75–6.71)	2.67 (1.28–5.56)
–CSA^c	18	8.23 (2.66–25.49)	4.75 (1.80–12.49)
–Adult SA^d	21	1.64 (0.67–3.98)	1.28 (0.42–3.91)
Physical Violence^e	31	2.12 (1.02–4.42)	3.32 (1.51–7.28)
Food/Water Deprivation^f	53	2.75 (1.55–4.88)	4.22 (2.27–7.82)
–Food only	22	2.73 (1.15–6.47)	7.44 (3.08–17.98)
–Water only	15	1.08 (0.36–3.22)	0.37 (0.05–2.86)
–Both	18	2.76 (1.56–4.89)	4.65 (1.77–12.23)

Note. OR=Odds ratio; CI=Confidence interval.

^aTotal sample was 448 except where otherwise noted. ^bN=445. ^cCSA=child sexual abuse. ^dAdult SA = sexual assault at age 17 or older. ^eN=446. ^fN=447.