Computer controlled chamber measurements for clay adherence relevant for potential dioxin exposure through skin

Abstract

A computer-controlled mechanical chamber was used to control the contact between aluminum sheet samples laden with clay, and cotton sheet samples for the measurement of mass transfer. The contact parameters of pressure (20 to 60 kPa) and time (10 to 70 sec) were varied for 160 multiple experiments of mass soil transfer. Before log transformation the average transfer for ‘First Transfer’ of clay particles was 34.4 ± 6.3 mg/8.97 cm² while that for ‘Total Transfer’ was 36.1 ± 6.8 mg/8.97 cm². Second contact, therefore, resulted in an average transfer of 1.70 ± 0.76 mg/8.97 cm². These values are well above adherence values measured for potting soil and sand as reported for previous experiments using the same methodologies. Based on the univariate analysis and the multiple regression analysis we were able to see some effect of parameters on the clay adherence values. The effect of pressure increases was significant for the higher levels of 50 and 60 kPa. In addition, we observed that increases in temperature were significant for ‘First Transfer,’ and less so for ‘Total Transfer’. Past experiments using potting soil and play sand show high adherence values to human cadaver skin over cotton sample; the same scenario would be expected for clay. This data set can be used to improve estimates of dermal exposure to dioxins found in ball clays often used by artisans in the making of pottery.

Keywords:

• Soil transfer
• soil adherence
• clay exposure
• mechanical chamber
• play sand
• lawn soil
• dioxin exposure
• aluminum transfers
• clay artisans

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the UAMS Biomedical Institute for funding support on this research. Authors also wish to thank the National Institute of Health-Arkansas Research Cancer Community Network (ARCCN) Summer Research Internship Program (SRIP) for their funding to Jasmine Davis, a student author on this paper.