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Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A
Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering
Volume 59, 2024 - Issue 3
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Articles

Effects of pyroligneous acid on acute, chronic, and cyto-genotoxicity to earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

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Pages 125-129 | Received 04 Mar 2023, Accepted 30 Mar 2024, Published online: 10 Apr 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effect of PA on E. fetida survival in Soil A and Soil B. *Statistically significant based on Student’s t-test at P = 0.05, **P = 0.01.

Figure 1. Effect of PA on E. fetida survival in Soil A and Soil B. *Statistically significant based on Student’s t-test at P = 0.05, **P = 0.01.

Figure 2. Effect of PA on E. fetida weight loss in Soil A and Soil B. *Statistically significant based on Student’s t-test at P = 0.05.

Figure 2. Effect of PA on E. fetida weight loss in Soil A and Soil B. *Statistically significant based on Student’s t-test at P = 0.05.

Figure 3. Effect of PA on E. fetida cocoon and juvenile production—(a) Soil A and (b) Soil B.

Figure 3. Effect of PA on E. fetida cocoon and juvenile production—(a) Soil A and (b) Soil B.

Data availability statement

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.