Development of risk-based air quality management strategies under impacts of climate change

Figures & data

Figure 1. Framework for developing air quality management strategies under the impacts of climate change.

Figure 2. Examination of impacts of climate change alone on air quality.

Table 1. Summary of climate change–air quality simulations

Scenario	Climatic Condition	Emission Inventory	Future Air Quality Impacting Factor
PP	Present-day	Present-day	—
FP	Future	Present-day	Climate change
FF	Future	Future	Climate change and planned emission controls

Table 2. Major precursors of ambient ozone and PM_2.5, source categories, and potential management options

Precursors	Major sources ^a	Category of management options
Sulfur dioxides (SO2)	EGUs ^b	- Reduction-by-regulations- Cap-and-trade- Individual actions
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)	On-road vehicles, nonroad equipment and EGUs	- Reduction-by-regulations- Cap-and-trade for EGUs- Individual actions
Volatile organic compounds (VOC)	Solvent uses, on-road vehicles, nonroad equipment and fires	- Reduction-by-regulations- Individual actions- Wildfire management
Primary fine particulate matters (PM2.5)	Road dust, industrial processes, EGUs and fires	- Reduction-by-regulations- Cap-and-trade for EGUs- Wildfire management- Individual actions
Notes: ^a http://www.epa.gov/air/emissions/index.htm; ^bEGUs = electric generating units.