Removal of beta-pinene and limonene using compost biofilter

Figures & data

Table 1. Design parameters used in other similar studies from composting operations

Number	Filtermedia	Biofilter column design, cm	Contaminant	Concentration, ppm	Flow rate, cm^3min^−1	References
1	Wood chips	D = 3; L = 9; L/D = 3	α-Pinene	6–451	20–30	Kleinheinz et al., 1999
2	Wood chips and compost	D = 15; H = 60;H/D = 4	α-Pinene	0–100	N.L.	Dirk-Faitakis et al., 2003
3	Compost	D = 5; L = 50;L/D = 10	H2S and MEK	65–102	550	Li et al., 2003
3	Screened compost	D = 25; L = 175; L/D = 7	VOC	90–180	33333	Schlegelmilch et al., 2005
4	Food and yard compost	D = 10; L = 120;L/D = 12	H2S	100	10000	Morgan and Noyola, 2006
5	Polyurethane foam	D = 18; H = 240; H/D = 4.4 (three sections)	α-Pinene LimoneneI sobutyl alcohol	50	N.L.	Jeong et al., 2006
6	Lava rock	D = 7.5; H = 70; H/D = 9.3	α-Pinene	0–739	N.L.	Jin et al., 2006
7	Compost	D = 12; L = 30; L/D = 2.5	VOC	0.05–0.241	20340	Chung, 2007
8	Compost	60 × 60 × 80 (cubic)	Alkylated benzenes, alkanes, alkenes, terpenes, and sulfur compounds	2–70	166666	Liu et al., 2009
Note. N.L., not listed.

Figure 1. Schematic view of the experimental laboratory-scale biofilter system.

Table 2. Particle size distribution of compost

Sample number	Size (mm)	Weight (g)	Percentage (%)
1	>9.5 mm	20.2	2.02%
2	9.5–6.3 mm	43.9	4.39%
3	6.3–4.75 mm	60.3	6.03%
4	4.75–2 mm	164.4	16.44%
5	<2 mm	711.2	71.12%

Table 3. Properties of terpene compounds used

Number	Terpene compound(C10H16)	Molecular weight (g/mol)	Boiling point (°C)	Density (g/cm^3)
1	Limonene	136.24	176	0.84
2	β-Pinene	136.23	165–168	0.86

Figure 2. Concentrations of limonene and β-pinene using fresh biofilter compost.

Figure 3. Biofilter performance for an inlet flow rate of 50 mL/min β-pinene.

Figure 4. Biofilter performance for an inlet flow rate of 60 mL/min β-pinene.

Figure 5. Biofilter performance for an inlet flow rate of 70 ml/min β-pinene.

Figure 6. Effect of flow rates on β-pinene and limonene biofiltration in a compost biofilter.

Figure 7. Effect of L/D ratio on limonene and β-pinene removal efficiencies.

Effect of flow rate on limonene and beta-pinene biofilteration in a compost biofilter.

Figure 9. Elimination capacity with respect to inlet loading rate.

Figure 10. Removal efficiency as a function of inlet loading rate.

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