Slightly acidic electrolyzed water for reducing airborne microorganisms in a layer breeding house

Figures & data

Figure 1. View of the cross-section showing sampling sites and the house structure. (A) Dust and microbial sampling site, and temperature and relative humidity (T & RH) sensor location; (B and C) microbial sampling site and T & RH sensor location.

Table 1. Main characteristics of the three disinfectants

Disinfectant	Class of Disinfectant	Effective Components	Recommended Concentration	Practical Concentration
SAEW	Oxidizing agent nolvasant	Hypochlorous acid (HClO), hypochlorite (ClO^−)		250 mg L^−1
BC	Quaternary nolvasant	Benzalkonium chloride (BC, 20%)	1:1000–1:10000 (v v^−1)	1:2000 (v v^−1)
PVP-I	Indine	Povidone iodine (5%)	1:1000 (v v^−1)	1:1000 (v v^−1)

Notes: SAEW = slightly acidic electrolyzed water; BC = benzalkonium chloride solution; PVP-I = povidone iodine solution.

Figure 2. View of the longitudinal section showing the sampling sites.

Table 2a. Environmental parameters of air in the layer breeding house by zone

	Temperature	Relative Humidity	Dust Concentration	Microbial Population
Zone	(°C)	(RH, %)	(mg m^−3)	(log10 CFU m^−3)
Zone 1	14.1 ± 0.3^c	65 ± 8^a	2.98 ± 0.23^c	5.18 ± 0.07^a
Zone 2	15.3 ± 0.3^b	62 ± 9^ab	3.40 ± 0.32^bc	5.22 ± 0.08^a
Zone 3	16.0 ± 0.3^a	61 ± 9^ab	3.90 ± 0.22^a	5.34 ± 0.09^a
Zone 4	16.1 ± 0.2^a	60 ± 8^ab	3.71 ± 0.16^ab	5.32 ± 0.09^a
Zone 5	15.2 ± 0.3^b	62 ± 7^b	3.45 ± 0.14^abc	5.27 ± 0.07^a

Notes: Values reported as the means ± standard deviations with n = 80 in 8 weeks. ^a–dMeans in the same column followed by different superscript letters are significantly different as determined by Tukey’s honest significance test (P < 0.05).

Table 2b. Environmental parameters of air in the layer breeding house by Time

	Temperature	Relative Humidity	Dusts Concentration	Microbial Population
Time	(°C)	(RH, %)	(mg m^−3)	(log10 CFU m^−3)
9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m.	15.5 ± 0.7	58.6 ± 1.5	3.34 ± 0.37	5.27 ± 0.13
11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.	15.3 ± 0.9	61.9 ± 12.6	3.44 ± 0.48	5.29 ± 0.18
1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m.	15.4 ± 0.8	60.0 ± 5.7	3.49 ± 0.26	5.35 ± 0.17
3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.	15.3 ± 0.9	58.8 ± 1.9	3.66 ± 0.40	5.37 ± 0.14

Notes: Values reported as the means ± standard deviations with n = 80 in 8 weeks.

Figure 3. Variations of airborne bacteria and fungi in a day’s time. Points represent the average means ± standard deviations in five zones. SAEW spray was employed at 11:00 a.m. for 20 min.

Table 3. Spraying disinfection effect of the three disinfectants for reducing airborne bacteria and fungi in the layer house

		Bacteria		Fungi
		Initial Counts	Survival Counts	Initial Counts	Survival Counts
Disinfectant	Concentration	(log10 CFU m^−3)	(log10 CFU m^−3)	(log10 CFU m^−3)	(log10 CFU m^−3)
SAEW	250 mg L^−1	5.27 ± 0.06^a	4.97 ± 0.03^bA	3.87 ± 0.05^a	3.68 ± 0.03^bA
BC	1:2000	5.28 ± 0.05^a	4.99 ± 0.04^bA	3.86 ± 0.05^a	3.75 ± 0.04^bB
PVP-I	1:2000	5.26 ± 0.05^a	5.05 ± 0.10^bA	3.87 ± 0.01^a	3.74 ± 0.05^bB

Notes: Values reported as the means ± standard deviations with n = 15. ^a,bMeans in the same row followed by different lowercase superscript letters are significantly different as determined by paired-sample t test (P < 0.05); and means in the same column followed by different uppercase superscript letters are significantly different as determined by Tukey’s honest significance test (P < 0.05). Survival populations were measured at 11:50 a.m. after spraying disinfection with SAEW finished for 30 min.