Migration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban treatment sludge to the air during PAH removal applications

Figures & data

Table 1. Urban treatment sludge characterization

Parameter	Value
pH	7.5
Dry matter	22%
Volatile matter	60.65%
TOC	33%
Ash	24.44%
Element	%
H	5.27
C	38.03
N	6.56
S	1.06
Al	4.439
As	0.005
Ba	0.112
Ca	11.540
Cl	0.055
Cr	0.146
Cu	0.073
Fe	2.416
K	3.946
Mg	5.106
Mn	0.094
Na	0.007
P	13.014
S	0.591
Si	7.547

Figure 1. The setup employed in the experiments (Karaca and Tasdemir, 2013).

Table 2. Experimental conditions

	Parameters
Sample Number	UV	Temperature (°C)*	TiO2 Dose (%)	DEA Dose (%)
1	−	34	—	—
2	+	34	—	—
3	+	25	0.5	—
4	+	25	20	—
5	+	53	0.5	—
6	+	53	20	—
7	+	38	—	0.5
8	+	38	—	5
9	+	53	—	0.5
10	+	53	—	5

Note:

*Average temperature value for 24 hr.

Figure 2. Evaporation of PAHs in sludge with increasing temperature.

Figure 3. Effect of UV on removal and evaporation of PAHs. (a) 34 °C; (b) UV, 34 °C.

Figure 4. The effect of UV-DEA applications on removal and evaporation of PAHs. (a) 0.5% DEA, 38 °C; (b) 5% DEA, 38 °C; (c) 0.5% DEA, 53 °C; (d) 5% DEA, 53 °C.

Figure 5. The effect of UV-TiO₂ applications on removal and evaporation of PAHs. (a) 0.5% TiO₂, 25 °C; (b) 20% TiO₂, 25 °C; (c) 0.5% TiO₂, 53 °C; (d) 20% TiO₂, 53 °C.

Karaca, G., and Y. Tasdemir. 2011. Effect of diethylamine on PAH removal from municipal sludge under UV light. Fresenius Environ. Bull 20(7A):1777–1784.

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