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Technical Papers

Physicochemical factors and sources of particulate matter at residential urban environment in Kuala Lumpur

, , , , &
Pages 958-969 | Received 16 Jan 2015, Accepted 11 Apr 2015, Published online: 25 Jul 2015

Figures & data

Figure 1. Location of the sampling station at Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, and distribution of anthropogenic PM10 emissions (30 min × 30 min resolution) in Southeast Asia in 2006 (data source: Zhang et al., Citation2009).

Figure 1. Location of the sampling station at Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, and distribution of anthropogenic PM10 emissions (30 min × 30 min resolution) in Southeast Asia in 2006 (data source: Zhang et al., Citation2009).

Table 1. Measurements of precursor gases

Table 2. Summary statistics of measured data at Cheras station, Kuala Lumpur

Figure 2. Time-series plots of PM10, CO, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, CH4, and NMHC using 1-hr and yearly median for 2004–2011.

Figure 2. Time-series plots of PM10, CO, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, CH4, and NMHC using 1-hr and yearly median for 2004–2011.

Figure 3. Climatic wind stream and velocity at 10 m using ERA interim reanalysis data.

Figure 3. Climatic wind stream and velocity at 10 m using ERA interim reanalysis data.

Figure 4. Diurnal plots of PM10, meteorological factors and major air pollutants in 2004–2011 (overall average, weekday [WD], weekend [WE], and WE/WD ratio).

Figure 4. Diurnal plots of PM10, meteorological factors and major air pollutants in 2004–2011 (overall average, weekday [WD], weekend [WE], and WE/WD ratio).

Figure 5. Pathways of heterogeneous reactions of atmospheric trace gases.

Figure 5. Pathways of heterogeneous reactions of atmospheric trace gases.

Figure 6. Mean cluster of HYSPLIT back trajectory plots (500 m above sea level and 12:00 a.m. UTC) annotating MODIS fire hot spot counts.

Figure 6. Mean cluster of HYSPLIT back trajectory plots (500 m above sea level and 12:00 a.m. UTC) annotating MODIS fire hot spot counts.

Figure 7. (a) Loading of PCA factors of PM10 for the period of 2004–2010. (b) The linear correlation plot of measured and predicted PM10.

Figure 7. (a) Loading of PCA factors of PM10 for the period of 2004–2010. (b) The linear correlation plot of measured and predicted PM10.

Figure 8. (a) Contribution of the PM10 sources using PCA-APCS-MLRA. (b) The time series of the predicted contribution of PM10 sources.

Figure 8. (a) Contribution of the PM10 sources using PCA-APCS-MLRA. (b) The time series of the predicted contribution of PM10 sources.

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