Characteristics of total gaseous mercury concentrations at a coastal area of the Yangtze Delta, China

Figures & data

Table 1. Instruments list in Chongming site.

Item	Supplier	Type
1	Magee Scientific	Aethalometer 42 black carbon analyzer
2	Met One Instrument	BAM 1020 particulate monitor
3	Thermo Scientific	Model48i-TLE CO analyzer
4	Thermo Scientific	Model49i O3 analyzer
5	Thermo Scientific	Model 42iY NOy analyzer
6	Tekran	Model 2537B mercury vapor analyzer

Table 2. September 2009 to April 2012 TGM concentration in three sampling periods (ng m⁻³).

Sampling periods	Sample	Average	Minimum	Median	Maximum	SD
2009/9/15–2009/12/17	2111	2.50	0.70	1.94	12.05	1.50
2010/7/14–2011/2/8	3676	2.87	0.85	2.25	18.37	1.91
2011/11/28–2012/4/27	2666	2.28	0.92	1.99	8.35	0.95
Sum	8453	2.59	0.70	2.08	18.37	1.58

Table 3. Summary of field observations of TGM.

Samp. area subclass	Location	Item	Average concentration (ng m^−3)	Sampling period	Reference
Urban area	Changchun, Jilin Province	TGM	18.4	1999.07–2000.01	(Fang et al., 2004)
	Guiyang, Guizhou Province	TGM	8.4	2001.11–2002.11	(Feng et al., 2004)
	Beijing	GEM	6.6	2005	(Wang et al., 2007)
	Guangzhou, Guangdong Province	GEM	13.5 ± 7.1	2005.01	(Wang et al., 2007)
	Yangtze Delta	GEM	5.4 ± 4.1	2005.09	(Wang et al., 2007)
	Chongqing	GEM	6.74 ± 0.37	2006.08–2007.09	(Yang et al., 2009)
	Shanghai	TGM	7.79 ± 3.29	2008–2010	(Zhang et al., 2010)
	Taipei	TGM	13.55	2004 summer and winter	(Kuo et al., 2006)
	Seoul, South Korea	TGM	3.25	2005.02–2006.02	(Kim et al., 2009)
	Tokyo, Japan	TGM	3.4	2000.04–2001.03	(Sakata et al., 2002)
Rural area	Mt. Gongga	TGM	3.98	2005.05–2006.06	(Fu et al., 2008)
	Mt. Changbai	TGM	3.22 ± 1.78	2005.08–2006.07	(Wan et al., 2008)
	Mt. Leigong	GEM	2.80 ± 1.51	2008.05–2009.05	(Fu et al., 2010)
	Chongming Island	TGM	2.65 ± 1.73	2010.07–2012.04	This research
	Hsinchu, Taiwan	TGM	6.20	2003 Fall	(Kuo et al., 2006)
	Kang Hwa Island, Korea	TGM	3.72	2001.03	(Kim et al., 2002)
	An-Myun Island, Korea	TGM	4.61 ± 2.21	2004.12–2006.04	(Kim et al., 2002)
	Connecticut, USA	TGM	1.4–1.6	1999~2004	(Nguyen et al., 2007)
Remote area	Mt. Waliguan (CGAWBO)	GEM	1.7 ± 1.1	2005.08	(Wang et al., 2007)
		GEM	0.6 ± 0.08	2005.12
	Okinawa, Japan	GEM	2.04 ± 0.38	2004.03–2004.05	(Chand et al., 2008)

Table 4. Seasonal TGM concentration in Chongming (ng m⁻³).

Season	Number	Average	Minimum	Median	Maximum	SD
Summer	721	2.49	1.11	1.83	9.87	1.38
Autumn	1826	2.75	0.85	2.18	18.11	1.89
Winter	1429	2.94	1.22	2.27	18.37	1.98
Spring	1047	2.22	1.00	1.86	7.31	1.07
Sum	5023	2.65	0.85	2.09	18.37	1.73

Table 5. Monthly TGM concentration in Chongming (ng m⁻³).

Month	Number	Average	Minimum	Median	Maximum	SD
2010/07	211	2.46	1.20	1.92	7.38	1.18
2010/08	510	2.50	1.11	1.76	9.87	1.45
2010/09	704	1.79	0.94	1.56	3.90	0.57
2010/10	546	2.87	0.85	2.36	17.05	1.55
2010/11	576	3.80	1.32	2.73	18.11	2.54
2010/12	548	3.73	1.22	2.78	18.37	2.68
2011/01	389	2.82	1.35	2.54	12.26	1.30
2012/02	492	2.16	1.36	1.86	8.35	0.86
2012/03	401	2.53	1.31	2.18	7.31	1.18
2012/04	646	2.03	1.00	1.66	6.38	0.95

Figure 1. The sampling procedure.

Figure 2. TGM diurnal variation in the different seasons in Chongming Island.

Figure 3. Weather conditions: temperature.

Figure 4. Weather conditions: relative humidity.

Figure 5. Weather conditions including wind speed.

Figure 6. Weather conditions: solar radiation.

Figure 7. The TGM circadian variation in different seasons.

Figure 8. The relative frequency of wind direction.

Figure 9. The TGM frequency distribution.

Table 6. TGM average concentration under different wind speeds (2009/9/17–2009/12/17, 2010/7/14–2011/2/8, 2011/11/28–2012/3/25).

	0–180°		180–360°
Wind speed/m·s^−1	TGM (ng m^−3)	Samples	TGM (ng m^−3)	Samples
<1.0	2.49	1300	3.18	759
1.0–2.0	2.25	989	3.23	561
2.0–3.0	2.08	645	2.98	502
3.0–4.0	1.90	442	3.12	408
4.0–5.0	1.88	248	2.97	414
>5.0	1.88	153	2.68	617

Figure 10. The 2010/9/12–9/20 comparison between TGM and wind speed (Wspd).

Figure 11. TGM and CO relationship.

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