The effect of aged litter materials on polyatomic ion concentrations in fractionated suspended particulate matter from a broiler house

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic setup of a deployable particulate sampler system (DPSS).

Table 1. Mass fractions (mg/g) of polyatomic ions in the inhalable fraction (TIH) of suspended particulate matter (SPM).

	Flock 1	Flock 2	Flock 3	Flock 4
NH4^+	17.6 ± 3.2^a	24.1 ± 5.2^a	58.8 ± 10.5^b	85.6 ± 10.3^c
NO3^−	2.9 ± 1.6^a	4.7 ± 2.1^a	10.8 ± 4.6^b	29.8 ± 10.6^c
PO4^−3	14.6 ± 8.1^a	33.1 ± 10.4^b	31.0 ± 12.0^b	43.2 ± 10.5^c
SO4^−2	11.8 ± 6.1^a	22.3 ± 9.9^b	25.4 ± 4.4^b	33.6 ± 15.2^c

Note. The mass fractions (mg/g) are the average of at least 12 samples over a flock; ± denotes standard deviations. The different letterings within a row signify statistically different at p < 0.05.

Table 2. Mass fractions (mg/g) of polyatomic ions in PM₁₀ fraction of suspended particulate matter (SPM).

	Flock 1	Flock 2	Flock 3	Flock 4
NH4^+	8.1 ± 5.2^a	36.8 ± 7.6^b	38.6 ± 14.2^b	49.0 ± 17.2^c
NO3^−	7.0 ± 2.3^a	16.6 ± 6.7^b	18.9 ± 7.8^b	23.0 ± 7.5^c
PO4^−3	8.9 ± 3.2^a	8.3 ± 4.1^a	22.1 ± 10.1^b	36.9 ± 15.5^c
SO4^−2	16.7 ± 8.1^a	9.7 ± 3.4^b	30.4 ± 11.2^c	80.2 ± 25.6^d

Note. The mass fractions (mg/g) are the average of at least twelve samples over a flock; ± denotes standard deviations. The different letterings within a row signify statistically different at p < 0.05.

Table 3. Mass fractions (mg/g) of polyatomic ions in PM_2.5 fraction of suspended particulate matter (SPM).

	Flock 1	Flock 2	Flock 3	Flock 4
NH4^+	16.8 ± 6.9^a	22.8 ± 12.7^a	23.6 ± 9.4^a	27.5 ± 10.6^b
NO3^−	9.9 ± 8.2^a	12.4 ± 5.3^a	11.6 ± 8.9^a	13.0 ± 2.3^a
PO4^−3	11.3 ± 6.6^a	7.2 ± 4.9^a	19.2 ± 7.7^b	28.8 ± 8.3^c
SO4^−2	10.8 ± 4.4^a	7.6 ± 3.3^a	25.6 ± 8.2^b	54.5 ± 23.1^c

Note. The mass fractions (mg/g) are the average of at least 12 samples over a flock; ± denotes standard deviations. The different letterings within a row signify statistically different at p < 0.05.

Figure 2. Temporal trends of mass fractions of ammonium ions in the inhalable fractions of suspended particulate matter. The error bars were obtained from a pool of at least three samples spanning over the week of sampling. Different letterings within the same cluster (age of flock) signifies statistically different at p < 0.05.

Figure 3. Comparison of average ammonium ions in fractionated particulate matter concentrations (n = 3) inside a broiler house during second flock of growth. PM2.5 = particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm or less; PM10 = particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter of 10.0 µm or less. Different letterings within the same cluster (flock age) signifies statistically different at p < 0.05.