Development of the crop residue and rangeland burning in the 2014 National Emissions Inventory using information from multiple sources

Figures & data

Table 1. Emission factors, fuel loading, and combustion completeness for criteria air pollutants.

Crop type	Fuel loading (tons/acre)	Combustion completeness	CO (lbs/ton)	NOx (lbs/ton)	SO2 (lbs/ton)	PM2.5 (lbs/ton)	PM10 (lbs/ton)	VOC (lbs/ton)	NH3 (lbs/ton)
Corn	4.20^a	0.75^a	106.10^a	4.60^a	2.38^a	9.94^a	21.36^a	6.60^c	19.32^b
Wheat	1.90^a	0.85^a	110.28^a	4.75^a	0.88^a	8.07^a	14.10^a	7.60^c	33.73^b
Soybean	2.50^a	0.75^a	127.70^a	6.33^a	3.13^a	12.38^a	17.73^a	11.97^c	44.94^b
Cotton	2.18^a	0.65^a	146.12^a	6.89^a	3.13^a	12.38^a	17.73^a	11.97^c	48.92^b
Fallow	2.18^a	0.75^a	127.79^a	5.60^a	2.34^a	12.31^a	17.00^a	11.97^c	16.24^b
Rice	3.00^a	0.75^a	105.27^a	6.23^a	2.77^a	4.72^a	6.61^a	5.00^c	26.17^b
Sugarcane	4.75^a	0.65^a	116.95^a	6.06^a	3.32^a	8.69^a	9.83^a	9.00^c	43.03^b
Lentils	2.94^a	0.75^a	127.79^a	5.60^a	2.34^a	12.31^a	17.00^a	11.97^c	39.76^b
Other crops	1.90^a	0.85^a	182.11^a	4.31^a	0.80^a	23.23^a	31.64^a	10.70^c	12.52^b
Double crops
Winter wheat/Corn	3.05^d	0.80^d	108.19^d	4.68^d	1.63^d	9.00^d	17.73^d	7.10^d	26.53^d
Oats/Corn	3.19^d	0.75^d	116.95^d	5.10^d	2.36^d	11.13^d	19.18^d	8.45^d	21.41^d
Lettuce/Upland cotton	2.18^d	0.75^d	127.79^d	5.60^d	2.34^d	12.31^d	17.00^d	11.97^d	39.74^d
Durum wheat/Sorghum	2.04^d	0.80^d	119.04^d	5.17^d	1.61^d	10.19^d	15.55^d	6.35^d	36.74^d
Winter wheat/Sorghum	2.04^d	0.80^d	119.04^d	5.17^d	1.61^d	10.19^d	15.55^d	6.35^d	36.74^d
Barley/Corn	3.05^d	0.80^d	108.19^d	4.68^d	1.63^d	9.00^d	17.73^d	10.80^d	19.63^d
Winter wheat/Cotton	2.04^d	0.75^d	128.20^d	5.82^d	2.01^d	10.22^d	15.91^d	11.97^d	41.33^d
Soybeans/Cotton	2.34^d	0.7^d	136.91^d	6.61^d	3.13^d	12.38^d	17.73^d	11.97^d	46.94^d
Soybeans/Oats	2.34^d	0.75^d	127.75^d	5.96^d	2.74^d	12.35^d	17.36^d	11.97^d	42.35^d
Corn/Soybeans	3.35^d	0.75^d	116.90^d	5.46^d	2.76^d	11.16^d	19.55^d	11.97^d	22.94^d
Winter wheat/Soy	2.2^d	0.8^d	118.99^d	5.54^d	2.01^d	10.22^d	15.91^d	9.79^d	39.33^d
Lettuce/Durum wheat	2.04^d	0.8^d	119.04^d	5.17^d	1.61^d	10.19^d	15.55^d	9.79^d	36.74^d
Pasture_Grass	1.9^a	0.85^a	182.11^a	4.31^a	0.80^a	23.23^a	31.64^a	10.70^c	12.52^b

^aMcCarty (2011). Fuel loading and combustion completeness from table 1. Factors converted to lbs/ton.

^b2002 NEI NH₃/NO_X ratio.

^cVOC AP-42 factors ratio to CO factors from McCarty (2011).

^dAverage of two field crops.

Table 2. Emission factors for hazardous air pollutants.

HAP	Emission factor (lbs/ton)
1,3-Butadiene	0.354
Acetaldehyde	1.444
Anthracene	0.004
Benz[a]anthracene	0.004
Benzene	0.713
Benzo[a]pyrene	0.001
Benzo[e]pyrene	0.002
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene	0.003
Benzo[k]fluoranthene	0.002
Chrysene	0.004
Fluoranthene	0.008
Formaldehyde	3.370
Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene	0.002
Perylene	0.001
Phenanthrene	0.010
Pyrene	0.007
Toluene	0.470

Table 3. Count of HMS satellite detections by filtering level.

Filter level	Description	Count of HMS detections	% Agriculture/rangeland	Comments
1	Detections outside of lower 48 states	196,875		Included for SF2 processing
2	Detections that were not agricultural	108,203		Included for SF2 processing
3	Detections in snow-covered areas	6,701	11%	Included for SF2 processing
4	Detections removed from Iowa	944	1%	Included for SF2 processing
4	Detections removed from other midwestern states	2,911	5%	Included for SF2 processing
4	Detections Removed from Delaware	15	0%	Included for SF2 processing
5	Detections that were duplicates from GOES	336	1%	Not used
5	Detections that were duplicates across satellites	4,907	8%	Not used
6	Detections used for emission estimates	47,729	75%	Used in this study for emission estimates

Table 4. Acres burned and PM_2.5 emission estimates for 2014.

State	2014 Crop acres	2014 Crop PM2.5 (short tons/yr)	2014 Grass/pasture acres	2014 Grass/pasture PM2.5 (short tons/yr)
Alabama	21,000	307	32,240	605
Arizona	8,240	118	2,800	53
Arkansas	137,160	1,371	28,400	533
California	202,560	2,854	51,240	961
Colorado	4,240	63	3,840	72
Florida	147,540	2,142	79,440	1,490
Georgia	100,240	1,351	39,360	738
Idaho	50,880	650	35,400	664
Illinois	1,680	18	7,980	150
Indiana	660	7	3,480	65
Iowa	3,660	69	14,940	280
Kansas	180,720	2,207	461,600	8,655
Kentucky	8,000	110	7,760	146
Louisiana	87,920	1,052	20,000	375
Maryland	800	10	160	3
Massachusetts	80	2	40	1
Michigan	640	11	480	9
Minnesota	17,280	220	4,200	79
Mississippi	45,600	537	21,200	398
Missouri	31,980	327	71,880	1,348
Montana	32,760	428	32,640	612
Nebraska	29,820	419	25,200	473
Nevada	360	5	520	10
New Jersey	160	3	120	2
New Mexico	1,120	17	7,120	134
New York	600	10	320	6
North Carolina	32,000	406	8,200	154
North Dakota	117,480	1,402	29,700	557
Ohio	400	5	1,320	25
Oklahoma	49,440	506	299,600	5,618
Oregon	29,400	433	54,240	1,017
Pennsylvania	360	6	440	8
South Carolina	16,080	197	12,480	234
South Dakota	18,660	270	8,160	153
Tennessee	8,400	102	10,440	196
Texas	74,480	961	184,000	3,450
Utah	1,520	23	880	17
Vermont	40	1	0	0
Virginia	3,760	56	4,280	80
Washington	70,920	883	43,200	810
West Virginia	200	3	520	10
Wisconsin	720	13	2,640	50
Wyoming	2,720	48	2,240	42
Total	1,542,280	19,623	1,614,700	30,276

Figure 1. 2014 annual crop residue and rangeland PM_2.5 emissions by county.

Figure 2. PM_2.5 ratio of 2014 annual crop residue and rangeland to 2011NEIv2 from all sources excluding crop residue burning.

Figure 3. Comparison for fire counts by day for the state of Georgia.

Figure 4. Fire counts by Georgia county satellite versus Georgia Department of Natural Resources.

Figure 5. Verification of crop burning diurnal temporal profile with satellite detection.

McCarty, J.L. 2011. Remote sensing-based estimates of annual and seasonal emissions from crop residue burning in the contiguous United States. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 61:22–34. doi:10.3155/1047-3289.61.1.22.

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