Evaluation of carbon emission reductions promoted by private driving restrictions based on automatic fare collection data in Beijing, China

Figures & data

Figure 1. Research scope regarding travel mode shift and emissions reduction.

Table 1. Smart card data-set sample.

Grant card code	Entry line	Entry station	Entry time	Exit line	Exit station	Exit time
06661146	8	11	20141013080600	2	2	20141013085412
46616262	6	53	20141013141700	2	1	20141013152338
67168612	9	31	20141013083100	2	14	20141013100809
……	……	……	……	……	……

Figure 2. Selection process for trip mode shift passengers.

Table 2. Sample size.

Line	Sample size
Line 6	983
Line 8	562
Line 9	457
Total size	2,002

Table 3. Related parameter values. (Beijing MTR Corporation Limited, 2007).

Parameter	α	β		Subway operation speed
Value	0.15	4.0	19.60	0.67 km/min

Table 4. Passenger flow in the rail transit section.

Number	Station	Passenger flow	Section distance (km)	Line
1	Pingguoyuan–Gucheng	404	2.40	Line 1
2	Gucheng–Bajiao Amusement Park	641	1.80	Line 1
3	Bajiao Amusement Park–Babaoshan	928	1.84	Line 1
4	Babaoshan–Yuquanlu	1 337	1.38	Line 1
5	Yuquanlu–Wukesong	1 788	1.68	Line 1
6	Wukesong–Wanshoulu	2 162	1.71	Line 1
7	Wanshoulu–Gongzhufen	2 416	1.22	Line 1
…	…	…	…	…
261	Ciqu South–Ciqu	21	1.19	Yizhuang Line
262	Xiaocun–Xiaohongmen	827	1.28	Yizhuang Line
263	Xiaohongmen–Jiugong	792	2.27	Yizhuang Line

Figure 3. Results of passenger flow assignment in the rail transit network.

Figure 4. Sample data for car trip OD calibration.

Table 5. CO₂ emission factors of different travel modes in Beijing (Wang et al., 2015).

	Bus	Car	Taxi	Electric bike	Rail transit
CO2 emission factor (g CO2/Pkm)	35	178.6	178.6	7.14	42

Table 6. CO₂ emissions reductions of trips shifted from car to rail travel within a week.

	CO2 emission reduction (t)	Average emission reduction (kg)
Whole network	133.69	7.72

Beijing Mass Transit Railway (MTR) Corporation Limited. 2007. Beijing Metro Line 4 project clearing liquidation report. Beijing, China: Beijing Jiaotong University.

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Wang, Z., F. Chen, and T. Fujiyama. 2015. Carbon emission from urban passenger transportation in Beijing. Transp. Res. D 41:217–27. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2015.10.001.

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