Effects of advanced traffic signal status warning systems on vehicle emission reductions at signalized intersections

Figures & data

Figure 1. Framework of study procedure.

Figure 2. Design of driving experiments.

Figure 3. Schematics of experimental scenarios: (a) baseline scenario, (b) VMS scenario, and (c) V2I scenario.

Table 1. Driver information for the experiments.

Category	Level	Driver analysis
		Number of drivers	Percent of total
Gender	Male	29	58%
	Female	21	42%
Age (years)	Under 25	15	30%
	25 to 35	23	46%
	36 to 55	7	14%
	Over 55	5	10%
Driving years	Less than1	10	20%
	1 to 3	15	30%
	More than 3	25	50%

Figure 4. Practice session in a simulated suburban area.

Figure 5. Acceleration distribution in different scenarios.

Figure 6. Driving trajectory of a vehicle crossing the four intersections in different scenarios.

Figure 7. Time spent in driving mode in different scenarios.

Table 2. Average emissions in three test scenarios.

Pollutants	Baseline (g)	VMS scenario (g)	Improved percentage of VMS scenario	V2I Scenario (g)	Improved percentage of V2I scenario
CO2	709.3035	705.9167	0.48%	679.0490	4.27%
NOx	0.1833	0.1736	5.29%	0.1555	15.13%
CO	4.0064	3.5546	11.28%	3.2427	19.06%
HC	0.0305	0.0268	12.09%	0.0236	22.78%

Figure 8. Frequencies of operation mode numbers (IDs) in three test scenarios.