A comparative study on the chemo-enzymatic upgrading of renewable biomass to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

Figures & data

Figure 1. Optimization of (a) time (min.), (b) biomass load (%, w/v) and (c) Enzyme concentration (%, v/w) during the hydrolysis of Agave americana biomass for the release of fructose. The experiments were performed in triplicates and are represented as mean average with standard deviation

Figure 2. Optimization of (a) time (min.), (b) biomass load (%, w/v) and (c) Enzyme concentration (%, v/w) during the hydrolysis of Casuarina equsetifolia biomass for the release of reducing sugars. The experiments were performed in triplicates and are represented as mean average with standard deviation

Figure 3. Optimization of, (a) temperature (°C), (b) time (min.) and (c) catalyst load (%) during the production of HMF from fructose derived from Agave americana. The experiments were performed in triplicates and are represented as mean average with standard deviation

Figure 4. Optimization of, (a) temperature (°C), (b) time (min.) and (c) catalyst load (%) during the production of HMF from reducing sugars derived from Casuarina equisetifolia. The experiments were performed in triplicates and are represented as mean average with standard deviation

Table 1. Kinetics parameters obtained for enzymatic conversion of biomass (a) A. Americana, (b) C. Equisetifolia.

Temperature (°C)	k1a	k2f	R^2
a) A. Americana
40	0176	0.008	0.71
50	0.278	0.002	0.96
60	0.09	0.004	0.84
70	0.078	0.01	0.92
b) C. Equisetifolia
20	0.134	0.003	0.92
30	0.12	0.002	0.82
40	0.087	0.006	0.88
50	0.095	0.012	0.76