Analysis on the applicability of modified polyvinyl alcohol (MPA) for temporary controlling the dust from soil in construction site

Figures & data

Table 1. Particle size distributions of the soil

Soil type	Particle size distribution, %
	>2 mm	1 mm--2 mm	0.5 mm--1 mm	0.25 mm--0.5 mm	0.075 mm--0.25 mm	<0.075 mm
Silt	0	0.52	1.18	1.76	12.22	84.32
Cohesive soil	0	0	0.28	0.64	10.53	88.55
	>45 μm	30 μm−45 μm	20 μm−30 μm	10 μm−20 μm	5 μm−10 μm	<5 μm
Fly ash	0.36	0.94	2.84	9.01	31.52	55.33
	>20 mm	10 mm--20 mm	5 mm--10 mm	2 mm--5 mm	<2 mm
Gravel soil	0	31.55	58.56	7.22	2.67

Table 2. Physical and chemical properties of MPA

No.	Property	Parameter
1	Solid content	6%
2	Density	1.09 g/cm^3
3	Molecular weight	>20,000 g/mol
4	Cost	800 RMB/ton

Figure 1. Formation process of anti-dissolution film after MPA exposed in air

Figure 2. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of MPA treated soil

Figure 3. Wind erosion test

Figure 4. Rain erosion test

Table 3. Parameters of influencing factors

No.	Factors	Parameters
1	Spraying amount	0, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 kg/m^2
2	Soil type	silt, fly ash, clay, and gravel soil
3	Soil slope	0, 10, 20, and 30°
4	Surface morphology	smooth plane, rough plane, and smooth uneven and rough uneven surface

Figure 5. Surface morphologies distribution of soil treated with water and different spraying amount of MPA

Figure 6. Erosion weight and products as a function of MPA spray amount variability with rain erosion setup shown in Figure 4

Note that the surface of the soil treated only with water is severely damaged after the rainstorm (Figure 7a), and there are numerous irregular erosion traces and gullies. However, the surface of the soil treated with MPA maintains its integrity; even the cracks that are present originally would not grow during the erosion process, as shown in Figure 7b-d.

Figure 7. Surface failure as the function of rain erosion with setup shown in Figure 4, and treatment variability (a) with water only; (b) with MPA of 0.9 kg/m²; (c) with MPA of 1.2 kg/m²; and (d) with MPA of 1.5 kg/m²

Figure 8. Soil erosion particles distribution as the function of rain erosion with setup shown in Figure 4, and treatment variability (a) with water only and (b) with MPA of 0.9 kg/m²

Figure 9. Distribution of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 as a function of wind erosion time with setup shown in Figure 3, and MPA spraying amounts variability

Figure 10. Erosion weights and failures as the function of soil type variability with rain erosion setup shown in Figure 4

Figure 11. ΔPM₁₀ and ΔPM_2.5 (see Eqs. 3(3) $\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}2.5=\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}2.5_{\mathrm{i}}-\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}2.5_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}2.5_{\mathrm{o}}$(3) and 4(4) $\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}10=\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}10_{\mathrm{i}}-\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}10_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}10_{\mathrm{o}}$(4) ) as a function of wind erosion time with setup shown in Figure 3, and soil type variability

Figure 12. Erosion weights and PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 distribution as a function of soil slopes variability with rain and wind erosion setup shown in Figures 4 and Figures 3, respectively

Figure 13. Erosion weights and failures as a function of soil slope morphology variability with rain erosion setup shown in Figure 3

Figure 14. ΔPM₁₀ and ΔPM_2.5 (see Eqs. 3(3) $\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}2.5=\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}2.5_{\mathrm{i}}-\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}2.5_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}2.5_{\mathrm{o}}$(3) and 4(4) $\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}10=\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}10_{\mathrm{i}}-\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}10_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{P}\mathrm{M}10_{\mathrm{o}}$(4) ) as a function of soil slope morphologies and density with wind erosion setup shown in Figure 3