Reduction of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen from stabilized landfill leachate by using green mussel and zeolite as composite adsorbent

Figures & data

Table 1. Characterization of leachate at different age of landfills (Li, Zhou, and Hua 2010)

Type of leachate	Unit	Young	Intermediate	Old
Age		<5	5–10	>10
pH		<6.5	6.5–7.5	>7.5
COD	(mg/L)	>10,000	4,000–10,000	<4,000
BOD5/COD		0.5–1.0	0.1–0.5	<0.1
Ammoniacal nitrogen	(mg/L)	<400	N. A	>400
TOC/COD		<0.3	0.3–0.5	>0.5
Heavy metal	(mg/L)	Low to medium	Low	Low
Biodegradability		Important	Medium	Low
Organic Compounds		80% volatile fatty acids	5%-30% VFA + Humic and fulvic acids	Humic and fulvic acids

Table 2. Characterization of leachate obtained from SRLS

Parameter	Unit	Minimum	Maximum	Average	MEQA (1974) (Environmental Quality 2010)
pH	-	7.65	8.27	7.96	6.0–9.0
SS	mg/L	316	367	341.5	50
NH3-N	mg/L	404.07	406.68	405.37	5
COD	mg/L	1,595	1,829	1,712	400
Color	-	4685	4788	4,736.5	-
BOD5	mg/L	140	163	138.66	20
BOD5/COD	-	0.07	0.08	0.07	-

Table 3. Physicochemical characteristics of composite adsorption media

Physio-chemical properties of composite media
Specific gravity (g/cm^3)	2.45
BET Surface area (m^2/g)	95.95
Porosity (%)	57.40
Water absorption (%)	52.62
Methylene blue number (mg/g)	7.97
Iodine number (mg/g)	21.93
Cation Exchange Capacity (meq/g)	0.80

Figure 1. Reduction Percentage of COD against varying ratio of green mussel and zeolite

Figure 2. Reduction percentage of NH₃-N against varying ratio of green mussel and zeolite

Table 4. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm parameters

Isotherm (Langmuir) COD	${\mathrm{R}}^2$	${\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{m}}$	${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{L}}$
	0.9998	3.72$\times {10}^{-2}$	6.22$\times {10}^{-4}$
Isotherm (Langmuir) NH3-N	R^2	$\mathrm{n}$	${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{F}}$
	0.9875	1.44	4.82$\times {10}^{-4}$
Isotherm (Freundlich) COD	${\mathrm{R}}^2$	${\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{m}}$	${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{L}}$
	0.9849	8.37$\times {10}^{-3}$	3.2$\times {10}^{-3}$
Isotherm (Freundlich) NH3-N	${\mathrm{R}}^2$	$\mathrm{n}$	${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{F}}$
	0.9663	172.4	1.25$\times {10}^{-4}$

Figure 3. Isotherm models for COD reduction (a) Langmuir and (b) Freundlich

Figure 4. Isotherm models for NH₃-N reduction (a) Langmuir and (b) Freundlich

Li, W., Q. Zhou, and T. Hua. 2010. Removal of organic matter from landfill leachate by advanced oxidation processes: A review. Int. J. Chem. Eng. 2010:10 pp. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/270532.

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Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulations 2009; Under the Laws of Malaysia-Malaysia Environmental Quality Act 1974. 2010. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Department of Environment.

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